Transitioning from Autumn to Winter: Herbal Remedies for the Season of Pale Misfeature

Keats described each season in his poetic works, referring to winter as a time of "pale misfeature," which refers to winter as a time of death or old age. It is often used in poetry as a metaphor to describe the deterioration that comes at the end of life, which is exactly what winter is. As the sun begins to fade in the sky and darkness strengthens its hold, the temperatures cool, the plants die or go dormant, and many animals hunker down, hiding from sight. To the untrained eye, it appears we are surrounded by death, but hiding under the mask is a sea of life resting and waiting to be reborn in spring. Winter is a time of rest and rejuvenation, a time to care for ourselves and our families to prepare for the coming spring. Self-care is of the utmost importance. The idea that we should continue to hustle and bustle is modern capitalism convincing us we are all lazy if we take a break. Winter reminds us to slow down and rest because there can be no spring without rest. This makes it a great time to work with plant allies to heal and rejuvenate your body, mind, and spirit for the changes ahead as well as get in touch with the magic of the season.

In today's post, I offer 3 herbal recipes to aid your transition from autumn to winter. These recipes can be used to create a variety of remedies including salves, oxymels, steams, baths, tisanes (teas), or tinctures. It's completely up to you how to use these recipes, but I encourage you to consult with the spirits of the plants, your intuition, and even your ancestors or spiritual guides to determine which preparation method is best for you. While taking it as a tisane may be best for me, you may need to use it as a steam.

For Achy Bones and a Weary Soul

The older I get, the more tired I feel come winter. The cold brings on new aches and pains, flaring old injuries. It also means the end of the semester at work, and therefore state-mandated testing. It's always a spring to the finish line, and it leaves me a little worse for wear each year. This recipe combines peppermint (Mentha piperita), turmeric (Curcuma longa), cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum), and black pepper (Piper nigrum) to create a remedy to soothe those achy bones and uplift your spirits, just in time for the holiday season! 

This remedy should be taken internally only. Do not attempt to turn it into a salve or other topical treatment.

2 parts peppermint

1/4 part turmeric

1/4 part cinnamon

1/8 part black pepper

optional: if taken as a tea, add honey for an extra boost; as a tincture, add 1/4 part white willow bark

For Warming the Chill

Sometimes, no matter what we do, we can't seem to get warm, I am not just talking physically. Sometimes our minds are slow and sluggish, making it difficult to complete much-needed tasks. Other times our bodies feel worn and tired, leaving us feeling chilly, even though the house is warm. Maybe you or a loved one have been standoffish or otherwise less than merry recently. This remedy is for all the chill you may feel, physically, emotionally, mentally, or spiritually. It's sure to raise your spirits and keep that coming winter chill at bay. Ginger (Zingiber officinale) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum) are both very well known for their warming properties, helping to aid in digestion and promote circulation. Orange (Citrus sinensis) and American ginseng (Panax quinquefolius) are both powerful mood elevators. When combined with a hint of black pepper (Piper nigrum) this remedy is sure to leave you feeling merry and bright!

This remedy should be taken internally only. Do not attempt to turn it into a salve or other topical treatment.

2 part American ginseng

1 part ginger

1/2 part cinnamon

1 part orange peel

1/4 part black pepper

For Letting Go of the Past

As the seasons shift, it can be difficult to let go. Many of us continue to be stuck in previous seasons, dreaming of warmer weather, what our life used to be like, and even how much we wish the holidays were like they used to be; family and friends gathered around the table, just happy to see each other; sales that were actually sales on Black Friday; holiday decorations that weren't a bunch of cheap inflatables...I'm not talking about me at all here, am I? Haha! Skullcap (Scutellaria lateriflora) helps with feelings of disconnection and overthinking, helping clear the way for new possibilities. Rose (Rosa spp.) opens the heart and staves off grief and depression allowing new opportunities of love and appreciation to take root, while peppermint (Mentha piperita) uplifts the spirit, and passion flower (Passiflora incarnata) helps us come to terms with our new reality. 

2 parts peppermint

1 part rose

1/2 part skullcap

1/4 part passion flower

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As the wheel turns toward winter, these recipes can help ensure you are happy and healthy for the coming months. While I certainly love autumn, there is something special about winter. The pristine snowy landscape, the slower pace, and the chill remind me to take stock of what I have, slow down, and rest. I know we like to make lofty resolutions at the beginning of each year but remember, winter is not the time to start new things. Instead, it should be spent resting and reflecting so we can hit the ground running when Spring decides to show her lovely face once more. It's okay to rest. You aren't lazy or unproductive because you are resting. Take time for yourself this holiday season and tell capitalism it can fuck right on off!

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Magical Properties of Lepidolite

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A Complete Guide to Algiz, the Elk rune

We continue our runic study journey today by looking at Algiz (AHL-geez), the Elk rune. Algiz is the rune of protection, independence, and courage, characteristics I think we could all use right now in times of trial and turmoil. As someone deeply involved with spiritual activities, Algiz is a favorite of mine, often gracing my spells and altars for its magical properties.

As done in my previous article on Jera, today's post will include a deep dive into the runic poems, Algiz's cultural significance, its correspondences, how to work with it, its meaning in a spread, and its relationships with runes. Also included is a free printable for your Book of Shadows or Grimoire!

Algiz's Portrayal in the Rune Poems

Algiz ᛉ is the fifteenth rune and the seventh rune in the second ætt. Unlike other runes, Algiz does not appear in the Icelandic or Norwegian Rune Poems. However, as the Younger Futhark gradually replaced the Elder Futhark in the 8th century, Algiz became inverted and took on a new meaning, "Yr" meaning yew, which is associated with death and funerals. Yew is mentioned in the runes poems, but we generally associate it with Eihwaz instead. 

Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem

Eolh-secg eard hæfþ oftust on fenne 

wexeð on wature, wundaþ grimme, 

blode breneð beorna gehwylcne 

ðe him ænigne onfeng gedeþ.

Translation:

The Eolh-sedge (elk-sedge) is mostly to be found in a marsh; 

it grows in the water and makes a ghastly wound, 

covering with blood 

every warrior who touches it.

Despite its absence from the other rune poems, we can glean some information from the Anglo-Saxon Rune Poem. First, its association with the elk. In Norse mythology, the elk is a guardian, anticipating and defending against threats. The elk acts as a protective shield. Elk antlers were said to ward off evil and Algiz famously looks like antlers. In Grímnismál, the stag/elk Eikthyrnir is said to "stands in Valhall and bites from the limbs of the tree; and from his horns distils such abundant exudation that it comes down into Hvergelmir, and from thence fall those rivers called thus: Síd, Víd, Søkin, Eikin, Svöl, Gunnthrá, Fjörm, Fimbulthul, Gípul, Göpul, Gömul, Geirvimul." So not only is the elk a symbol of protection but also life and fertility, as water is a life-giver. As such, Algiz is a protector, divine shield, and bringer of life and abundance. 

The poem, however, warns against Algiz's darker side, saying that even the best of shields can fail and leave you hurting. Inverted, Algiz represents a lack of protection, change, and death, "covering with blood every warrior who touches it." This last line, however, could also be interpreted to mean strength and ferocity, that even when faced with death, the elk does not back down and fights until the very end. Algiz thus symbolizes perseverance and determination, even in tough times.

Being in the second ætt, Algiz is associated with Heimdal, the guardian of the Bifrost. All runes within the second ætt are symbolized by resilience, strength, survival, and the cyclical nature of life, and Algiz is no exception.

Algiz's Cultural Significance

Unlike other runes, Algiz has never been found to begin a word, instead being found only in the middle or end of words. As mentioned above, when the Younger Futhark began to replace the Elder Futhark, Algiz evolved into "Elox" or "x" and later into "Yr." This evolution is part of the reason the modern English alphabet ends in XYZ (Elox [x], Yr [y], Algiz [z]).

While its original name is lost to the annals of history, we do know it was frequently carved or painted onto wood or stone, particularly near areas known for their sacred healing. These areas were usually freshwater springs or other such water sources that were thought to be capable of healing, regeneration, and life.

A carved runic waystone, repainted to clearly show the Elder Futhark

Some have suggested Algiz may have been carved into weapons or onto shields for protection, but I could find no verifiable sources to corroborate this suggestion. Most Nordic weapons have severely deteriorated with time, leaving any inscriptions illegible. Despite the lack of evidence on weapons, Algiz is featured on the Golden Horns of Gallehus, two horns that were found in Denmark dating to the early 5th century. This would have been the beginning of the Germanic Iron Age. Unfortunately, the original horns were stolen and melted down in 1802 and in the late 18th century, the casts of the horns were also lost. However, 17th and 18th-century drawings have allowed us to replicate the horns, clearly showing Algic along the opening. What these horns were used for is unknown, but the inscription, which includes the Algiz rune is believed to say "I Hlewagastiz Holtijaz made the horn."

Drawing of the image panels of the smaller of the Gallehus Horns, projected onto a flat surface, by J.R. Paulli (1734), reprinted in H. Klingenberg (1973)

Its inverted use in the Younger Futhark, however, took root quickly during the World War II era, becoming known as "totenrune." Yes, I am speaking about Nazis and Germanic occultism here. It commonly appears on tombstones across several European countries to note birth year (upright) and death year (inverted). It was also used in obituaries, replacing the asterisk and cross symbols previously used, further connecting Algiz to the cycles of life and death. It was during this same time that Algiz became known as the "Life Rune."

By Grüne Minna – Own work, CC BY-SA 4.0

It should be noted that Algiz has been co-opted by ecofascists and white supremacist groups. Ecofascist propaganda often depicts Algiz in natural landscapes, which seems harmless to the untrained eye. As a movement, however, ecofascists seek to challenge modernity and a return to the medieval while advocating and/or accepting violence in such a way as to reinforce existing systems of inequality. It is a form of environmentalism that suggests only certain people are entitled to control and enjoy nature and its resources, using words such as "native species" and "invasive" to describe different people groups. In 2005, environmental historian Michael E. Zimmerman defined "ecofascism" as "a totalitarian government that requires individuals to sacrifice their interests to the well-being of the 'land', understood as the splendid web of life, or the organic whole of nature, including peoples and their states".

Apart from ecofascism, white supremacist groups, including neo-Nazis, often use Algiz in their logos, propaganda, uniforms, flags, and other group materials. Some even tattoo the rune on their body. Often called the Life Rune, the Nazis used the rune in the SS's Lebensborn which encouraged SS troopers to have children out of wedlock with "Aryan" mothers and to kidnap "Aryan" children from nearby countries to raise as Germans. Neo-Nazis, wishing to continue with "tradition" included Algiz in their logo, re-popularizing it as a hate symbol.

As with all things, context matters. Algiz is not a racist or hateful symbol; it's simply one that has been co-opted by hate groups. Using it in your magical practice does not mean you support or agree with hate groups. However, it is important to recognize that Algiz is a dog whistle, especially when tattooed on someone's body, so I would avoid such uses and be mindful of its presentation.

Algiz's Correspondences

It should be noted that general correspondences are not mentioned in any Nordic text. Instead, these are a best guess based on experiences from both myself and others. In fact, most of these are of modern invention, pulling inspiration from Wicca. As with all correspondence lists, you can add and subtract based on your experiences.

• Upright Meaning: protection, defense, guardian, sanctuary, instinct, courage, independence, awakening, heightened intuition, internal strength, willpower, good health, life
• Reversed Meaning: warning, helplessness, vulnerability, challenges, exposure, unsupported, unhealthy, death
• Letter: Z
• Element: Air
• Zodiac: Cancer
• Planet: Jupiter
• Animal: elk, moose, swan
• Colors: gold
• Deities: Heimdall, the Valkyries
• Plants: elder, yew, sedge, rushes, angelica, marigold, rosemary
• Crystals: agate, amethyst, slate, aquamarine
  
  

How to Work with the Algiz Rune

Incorporating runes into your magical practice can be incredibly rewarding and bring new energies to spells and rituals. But how exactly can you use Algiz in your workings?

1. Create a protection amulet using the Algiz rune.
2. Draw an Algiz rune in a protection oil on your doors and windows or paint it on your walls (in the same color) to prevent negativity from entering your home.
3. Carve the Algiz rune into candles during protection magic and rituals.
4. Imagine the Algiz rune surrounding you and forming a protective energy shield around you.
5. Incorporate into bind runes for protection and strength.
6. Add to spells to ensure they endure and are long-lasting.
7. Draw on spray bottles filled with cleansing sprays to add protection.
8. Meditate on the Algiz rune as a symbol of strength, courage, life, and protection.
9. Use in spells to set boundaries.
10. Draw the Algiz rune on your face in moisturizer, sunscreen, or foundation to protect against anxiety and depression.
11. Use the Algiz rune to seek divine strength and intervention and call upon the Valkyries or Heimdall. 
12. Draw with a spoon or other cooking utensils in food for good health and inner strength.
13. Add to your altar during Winter Nights or Yule to ensure your family is protected during the darkest half of the year.

Algiz's Meaning in Rune Spread

What does it mean if Algiz appears in a rune spread? Algiz holds various meanings depending on its position and relation to other runes in the spread. When found upright in a spread, Algiz often means that the future will change for the better and you will be well supported by your family and friends. It could also symbolize that you are under divine protection, a guardian angel if you will, looking out for you, or that your own inner strength is enough to help you manifest your goals and desires. Spiritually, Algiz is a symbol of spiritual awakening and heightened intuition. It often represents becoming more attuned to one's inner self and encourages us to trust our instincts and continue to rely on our intuition.

Algiz can also act as a warning, especially when found in reverse, or indicate a vulnerability or weakness that needs to be addressed. Building defenses and shadow work are worthwhile pursuits. It can also represent sudden illness, mentally or physically, and that a change in course is required to avoid disaster. It's time to raise your defenses.

Below are some examples of how to interpret Algiz when it's next to or near other runes:

• Near Ingwaz, it could indicate a wedding
• Near Berkana, the family unit is strong, and partners are supportive
• Next to Uruz, it may indicate a person is aggressive and stubborn, wanting things to be their way
• In proximity to Ehwaz, it may indicate travel, particularly for work
• Near Thurisaz, sudden positive changes or shifts
• Next to Ansuz, it could suggest care should be taken when sharing information, so exercise caution
• Reversed and next to Raidho, may indicate you are on your own and the person you normally rely on will not be of assistance

Algiz's Relationships with Other Runes

Algiz, while positive, can complement other runes or be opposed by others depending on their placement. Algiz, when in its upright position, compliments Fehu, the rune of wealth, suggesting that your wealth and prosperity as well protected. It also compliments Thurisaz, another protective rune, suggesting you have both divine and personal protection as a deterrent against threats. When paired with Uruz, it can represent raw power and strength that manifests in a controlled and protective manner.

On the other hand, both Isa/Isaz and Hagalaz/Haglaz oppose Algiz. Isa represents ice, therefore suggesting that any protection you have may no longer exist and you are on your own. Action should be taken to rebuild your defenses and look for new allies. Hagalaz, which symbolizes obstacles and hindrances, suggests that strength is needed in the future and to fortify your defenses now.

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Algiz invites us to remember that strength comes from within, and that the best form of protection is a well-laid plan. It's a reminder that we are divinely protected, but that all good things eventually must end. Below you will find a printable, cheat-sheet that includes a summary of all important information that you can incorporate into your Book of Shadows or Grimoire.

Click the image below to download your free cheat sheet for your Book of Shadows or Grimoire.

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Book Review: Becoming Baba Yaga by Kris Spisak

Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase. I received a free copy of this book in exchange for an honest review.

It's been a while since I read an occult book! Lately, I have been focusing on reading fiction as a way to help dissociate from reality. Don't get me wrong, I am still doing the work, but we all need a break and to take time for self-care. Reading is one of the ways I do that. Despite focusing mostly on fiction lately, I finally got around to reading Becoming Baba Yaga: Trickster, Feminist, and Witch of the Woods by Kris Spisak. I was obviously meant to wait to read this book until after the election, as Baba Yaga has many lessons to teach us during such trying times.

Unlike many other occult books I have reviewed here on Flying the Hedge, this book is purely a breakdown of folklore. There are no discussions of practical application, just pure folklore analysis and history. In case you haven't figured it out yet, I am a sucker for folklore. The stories we tell and pass down ring with truth and give us amazing insight into how our ancestors lived, survived, and taught lessons. Baba Yaga is one such figure and boy oh boy does she have some lessons to teach us, despite the lack of practical application, if only one knows where to look.

Spisak does not hold your hand in this book, leaving the reader to do the majority of the work. Sure she breaks down some of the lessons we can garner from the stories about Baba Yaga, but you are required to figure out how to use the knowledge and lessons contained in the stories and analysis. Media literacy is a skill that must be honed through trial and error, and what better place to start than with a teacher such as Baba Yaga?

Each chapter opens with a story, many of which Spisak added to without taking away from the lesson within. These stories are an amalgamation of hundreds of stories passed down through the generations, which have transformed with the people telling them. Following the short stories, Spisak breaks down some of the meaning and history behind the tales, sometimes going so far as to discuss language throughout the centuries. I am such a sucker for language. That analysis of each tale is fascinating and paints Baba Yaga in a completely new light, giving more depth and meaning to her stories than what modern media has. I found myself unable to put the book down once I got started, having to remind myself that it was time to sleep as I had work in the morning.

As I mentioned, this book does not offer practical application, but I don't feel it needs to. The purpose is to ground Baba Yaga in our reality and learn from the lessons she has to share with us. She teaches us to be loud when others are silent; to be cunning and self-sufficient; to be a great power capable of great transformations. She also reminds us that to be such things as a woman will transform us into a "witch" as nothing hates a loud, outspoken, sexual woman more than the patriarchy. In times of great change and turmoil, Baba Yaga reminds us to go against the grain, even if it's difficult to do so. According to  Timothy Snyder in his book On Tyranny: Twenty Lessons from the Twentieth Century, one of the greatest ways we can fight back against tyranny and authoritarianism is to not get comfortable and to not go quietly into the night. What better way to do so than to turn into Baba Yaga ourselves?

I highly recommend reading Becoming Baba Yaga: Trickster, Feminist, and Witch of the Woods by Kris Spisak and even pairing it with Baba Yaga's Book of Witchcraft: Slavic Magic from the Witch of the Woods by Madame Pamita which touches on many of the same stories with practical application built in. Between the two of these, you are well on your way to becoming Baba Yaga herself.

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Magical and Medicinal Uses of Borage

Gender: Masculine
Planet: Jupiter
Element: Air
Powers: Courage, Joy, Happiness, Protection

Magical Uses and History: Often referred to as starflower for its bright blue, star-shaped flowers, borage is often viewed as the flower of courage and happiness. Where exactly it gets its name is up for debate, but some suggest it comes from the Celtic borrach meaning "courage" or possibly from the Latin borra meaning "rough-hairy." 

While absent from most classical and modern pharmacognosy, borage does appear in some ancient writings from Greece, particularly Dioscorides and Pliny. Both of these references are rather generic and vague, leaving us to guess as to what plant they were talking about. In both texts, borage is referred to as bouglōsson meaning "ox tongue" and is said to bring cheerfulness when added to wine. Pliny also believed borage to be the Nepenthe referenced in Homer's Odyssey which induced absolute forgetfulness when infused in wine. This was done not out of malice, but to wipe away the fears, stresses, and concerns so happiness and joy could take root. Pliny called this mixture Euphrosynum after Euphrosyne, the Greek goddess of joy. This is corroborated by more contemporary courses which also cite borage as having a euphoric effect. The eleventh-century School of Salerno states that borage "warms the heart and brings good cheer." which is further supported by Burton in his Anatomy of Melancholy, Herard, and Culpepper, who all write borage leaves are useful against melancholy and help bring joy. Culpepper, in particular, suggested taking borage as "candied or jellies flowers" which I believe would make anyone cheerful. Modern research indicates that borage does in fact uplift one's spirits by stimulating adrenaline production, acting as a natural antidepressant. As such, borage can be used in spells, rituals, and recipes to fight depression and anxiety while bringing joy and cheer. Carry fresh blossoms to stimulate happiness, burn as incense to bring joy, add to spells for happiness, or drink as tea for the same purpose.

Apart from bringing cheerfulness, borage has also long been used to induce courage. In Rome, borage flowers were eaten by soldiers before they went into battle, while Crusaders floated the flowers in their stirrup cups and Medieval knights wore scarves embroidered with borage flowers for the same reason. Sometimes the flowers were added to wine or beer to induce courage (liquid courage anyone?). According to an old English adage, ‘Sow Borage, sow courage’. As mentioned earlier, borage may get its name from the Celtic borrach meaning "courage." The Druids considered borage sacred and used it to consecrate weapons before battle to promote courage and strength of will. In Floriography, borage is the symbol of emotional fortitude, while in Victorian flower language, borage is said to mean blunt or rough-mannered. Robert Tyas suggests that a person under the influence of "warming cordial" may well be given the courage that leads to brusque or inappropriate comments. Some sources state borage was brewed as a tea and given to someone you wanted to marry to give them the courage to propose! As such, borage can be added to spells, rituals, and remedies for courage and strength. Wear it in your buttonhole, drink it as tea or mull it in wine, burn it as incense, or add it to spell bags for courage, strength, conviction, and protection. 

When combined with its ability to bring joy, borage is particularly useful in times of great stress, turmoil, or upset. It makes a perfect ally for the darker part of the year and is a favorite among spiritual activists.

Borage can be used in a number of spells including:

   Happiness Spells

   Courage Spells

   Protection Magic

Medicinal Uses: The dried leaves of borage are commonly used as a restorative agent for the adrenal cortex after exposure to steroids or cortisone to reduce stress both internally and externally. Due to its anti-inflammatory properties, borage is also used to treat conditions such as pleurisy. Therefore, borage is often used to treat coughs, asthma, bronchitis, and acute respiratory distress syndrome. The seeds and leaves can also be used to stimulate the flow of milk in nursing mothers. Borage seed oil is naturally high in omega-6 fatty acids and gamma-Linolenic Acid (GLA), which is essential to maintaining skin health and barrier function. As such, it's often used to treat skin conditions such as eczema and dermatitis.

Preparation and Dosage: To create an infusion, combine one cup of boiling water with 2 teaspoons of dried borage. Let the mixture infuse for 10-15 minutes. Drink up to three times a day. As a tincture, take 1-4 milliliters up to three times a day.

Want to print a copy of this for your Book of Shadows? Click below for your free copy!

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Runic Shield Spell for Energy Protection

I don't know about you, but I am feeling very defeated, sacred, and otherwise just not great. Everything just feels...off. I know I am not alone in this feeling, but seeing and hearing from others who feel the same way as I do has been comforting but also stressful. While I do not consider myself to be an empath (in fact, I have some pretty harsh opinions about the whole idea of being an empath) I do feel a weight on my shoulders when exposed to others who are also struggling. There is a palpable thickness of emotion in the air. Because of this, I know it's the perfect time for some energy shielding and protection. I can't continue to fight the good fight if I am incapable of getting out of bed in the morning. This simple spell is designed to do just that!

What You'll Need

• Black candle
• Hematite
• Algiz (ᛉ) rune
• Match or lighter
  
  

What to Do

Before beginning this spell, it's important to cleanse yourself and the energy you hold as you don't want to lock in any of the negativity you currently hold. How you do this is entirely up to you, but I do have some suggested methods. In Witchcraft for Well-Being, I discuss Earthing as a potential method of cleansing. You could also take a bath or shower, use smoke or sound, or any other preferred method.

Once you are thoroughly cleansed and you have prepared your sacred space, Light the black candle. Hold the hematite in your hands and close your eyes. Feel it warm as you focus on your intention of shielding and protection. Visualize the hematite pulling any remaining negativity from your body. Let the tension in your neck and shoulders relax as you take a deep breath in and out. Once you are completely relaxed place the hematite in front of the black candle.

Next hold the algiz (ᛉ) rune in your hands, as you focus on your intention of forming a strong, impenetrable shield around you. Chant "algiz" (AHL-geez) over and over as you raise the stone above your head and circle it around your body completely. As you do so, visualize a shield forming deflecting negative energies away from you. Repeat this step until you can clearly see or feel the shield in your mind's eye. Visualize it contracting until it rests upon your skin like a film. 

Pass the rune through the flame three times while chanting, "Algiz protect my energy and shield me from negativity. Nothing shall disturb my peace." Allow the black candle to burn out or snuff it out if you are short on time. You can carry the rune for ongoing protection if you wish. Repeat this spell at least once a month.

Warnings/Modifications/Alternatives:

• Altering your breathing can cause a reduction in blood pressure which can cause you to pass out. It can also trigger seizures in some people and PTSD in others. If you are worried about passing out, begin this exercise by lying down. I also suggest practicing with a friend to ensure your safety.
• Smoky quartz, obsidian, black tourmaline, or other black crystals can be used in place of hematite.
• If you do not have a black candle, white can be substituted. Carve the algiz (ᛉ) rune into the candle prior to use.

Why You Did It

Understanding the whys of a spell (or recipe) is just as important as performing it. It helps you understand the process so you can modify the spell or ritual to suit your needs and helps guide you in writing your own. It's my intention that by providing these explanations, you can build a better understanding of how spells are written and executed so you can modify and build your own spells (the goal of my Spellcrafting Series). 

This spell begins with a cleansing. Because we are creating an energy shield, we don't want anything to be trapped inside the shield with us that isn't positive. Starting with a clean slate and replacing the energy with positivity ensures the shield keeps the good in and the bad out.

Next, a black candle was lit as black is associated with protection as well as removals and dispelling. The candle, along with hematite, helps pull any residual negativity from you and enhances the protection ability of the spell. Hematite, like the color black, is associated with protection and cleansing. It was warmed in your hand so it could be awoken and filled with your intention.

Finally, the algiz rune was used to help build the energy shield around you as algiz is associated with strength and protection. Like the hematite, it too was warmed in your hands prior to use to infuse it with your intention. It was passed over your body while chanting its name to call forth its power of protection, helping create the energy shield in the process and raise your own vibration. Paired with a visualization, the algiz rune helped invoke the shield you visualized. By chanting and empowering it with your intention, and passing it through the flame, you also created a small protective charm that can be carried on your person for further protection. Fire is associated with change, courage, strength, and life, as well as protection.

As with most spells, this one too shall wane with time. It should be renewed at least once a month, especially on the dark or full moon, or as needed. If you are exposed to excessive amounts of negative emotions or stressful situations, you will need to renew the shield more often. Remember to release the shield and cleanse prior to rebuilding it.

Wish to break this spell? Visualize the shield you created dissolving, shedding, or otherwise dropping off of you. This visualization can be paired with a chant such as "I release the shield for I no longer have use of it."

Remember to record this recipe in your Book of Shadows or use my Spell/Ritual Worksheet for reference later.

***

I know things are scary right now and that you may be feeling hopeless. We may have lost a battle, but we have not lost the war. If we are to continue to care for each other and our communities, we must learn to care for ourselves. Energy shielding is a great way to ensure we can continue fighting, even in the darkest of times. But as Harris said during her concession speech, "Only when it's dark enough can you see the stars." Resistances are built upon hope, I have hope. If you ever need someone to talk to, please don't hesitate to reach out to me. Email is usually the best option as I am taking a break from social media to protect my own peace. Please do not take that to mean I have stopped doing the work. Mutual aid starts at home, and it's needed now more than ever. We will get through this.

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Vetrnætr/Winter Nights Altar 2024

Winter Nights begins on the first full moon after the Autumn Equinox and lasts three days during which three blots, or sacrifices occurred: Alfablót, Disablót, and Haustblót.

Alfablót and Disablót were believed to be celebrated more privately while Haustblót was a community event. There is some suggestion that Disablót was also celebrated publically, and in some parts of the world, it still is. I, however, have chosen to make this a private celebration. Alfablót and Disablót are both celebrations of our ancestors, local spirits, and deities, each focusing on a different group. Alfablót celebrates our male ancestors, spirits, and Álfar, while Disablót celebrates our female ancestors, spirits, and Dísir. Haustblót, on the other hand, is more of a thanksgiving to celebrate the abundance of the final harvests, give thanks, and honor the spirits and deities that made such a bountiful harvest possible. One last hurrah before the cold sets in and the earth withers.

The themes and symbols represented by this holy tide are the harvest, abundance, cycles, family, heritage, and sacrifice. This is a time to give thanks, celebrate the fruits of our labors, and request continued protection and abundance. With these themes in mind, I created the base altar featured below. Please know that this is the base, not the complete altar. Each night I added new items and conducted short spells and rituals not featured for privacy reasons. I've included an expanded note about this at the end of the post to give you a better idea of what you won't see pictured and why.

1. Harvest Candle Holder with Green Candle- This harvest candleholder has previously graced my Mabon altar for many, many years, but I now find it fitting for my Winter Nights altar, as this is also a time of thanksgiving and celebration of the harvest. It represents the bounty of the season with its pears, apples, grapes, and berries. The earthen tones and colorful leaves represent autumn and the changing of the seasons as the Wheel turns yet again toward winter. Like most years, I placed a green candle in the holder to represent abundance, specifically agricultural abundance as green is associated with plants, luck, and wealth. Green also represents the Earth and the gracious gifts She bestows upon us during the harvest, for without Her nurturing soils, we would not have nutrient-rich foods. Nestled around the candleholder are grapes, which are currently finishing up their growing season. These grapes represent abundance and prosperity, as well as merriment and good tidings, as they would traditionally be turned into wine, especially mulled wine. (Where did I get it: Goodwill & Dollar Tree; Cost: $3)

2. Incense Holder with Cone Incense- Incense has been used across cultures to communicate with the gods and send messages to the Otherworld for centuries. It is one of the best ways to trigger a magical response in your brain and let it know it's time for ritual. Furthermore, incense is commonly used as an offering, a gift to those we wish to commune with. For all these reasons I have incense on my Winter Nights altar. I picked a scent that resonated with me, that felt 'right' for the season. Each night of Vetrnætr I lit new incense to carry my prayers, stories, and thoughts to those I was speaking to. I used it to cleanse and clear the space around my altar and to summon the spirits of those I wished to honor each night. (Where did I get it: Five Below; Cost: $3)

3. Autumn Leaf Candle Holders with White Candles- The leaf candle holders are an ode to the season and the changing leaves that herald autumn. Their orange color represents attraction. In this case, it is used to attract the Sun and keep Him burning bright within the sky for a little while longer so the rest of the crops may ripen. In conjunction with the candles, which represent the Sun who is slowly waning in the sky, they work together as a sympathetic form of magic to give the Sun continued strength. Candles are also traditionally used to light the way so souls may find their way home. I included these extra candles to call forth my ancestors and my spiritual guides so I may thank them and regale them with tales of my life. (Where did I get it: Dollar Tree; Cost: $2.50)

4. Jera, Othala, and Algiz Runes- Since this is a Nordic holiday, no altar would be complete without some runes. Jera is the rune of the harvest, representing reward, fruition, commitment, and fertility. It signifies the cycle of life, from birth to death, and abundance to come. As Winter Nights is a celebration of the final harvest, it only makes sense to pay tribute to the harvest through Jera. Othala, however, is the rune of heritage, inheritance, and home. It represents your family roots, your genetics, and your spiritual heritage. This is incredibly important during Winter Nights, as both Alfablót and Disablót are celebrations of our ancestors and heritage. Finally, Algiz is the stag rune. It represents hunting, as well as honor, nobility, and, maybe most importantly, protection. As the Wheel turns, our ancestors would have relied more heavily on hunting as a source of food and would have called upon their ancestors and gods for protection through the harsh winter months. With this rune, I invoke the same protection upon my home, calling for those within to be protected and never go without, even if times are hard and the weather is harsh. (Where did I get it: Won; Cost: Free)

5. Fox Skull- The fox skull represents my animal guide or otherworldly familiar. She has been a staunch companion and ally for many years, and this skull is used as a spirit home for her during my magical workings and spirit flights. She is honored here during Vetrnætr as one of the feminine spirits I celebrated during Disablót. She took center stage on my altar each night, as she is an important part of my practice. I honestly couldn't do what I do without her. Not pictured are her offerings, which shall remain private. Not only does she act as my guide, but she also aids me in communicating with other spirits. She helps to ferry my ancestors into our realm for communication and is present on this altar for the same task.  (Where did I get it: Gifted; Cost: Free)

6. Offering Bowl- Blót means sacrifice, and that is exactly what is to occur during Winter Nights. Each night I made a sacrifice and offering to say thank you to those who have helped me. What I sacrificed each night was different, dependent upon the spirits I was thanking, but it was made nonetheless. The bowl I used is an earthen bowl gifted to me by my best friend on my birthday last year. What better way to use it than to give thanks? (Where did I get it: Gifted; Cost: Free)

TOTAL COST: ~$8.50

Like my other altars, most of the items I use are found, made, or purchased for around $1, although if the items must be purchased by you, then the cost will be higher. This altar is more expensive than some of my previous altars because I wanted to include some new items I purchased this year. I hope you find this sort of breakdown helpful, especially for those of you looking to create Instagram-perfect altars on a budget!

It's important to note this is not my full altar for Winter Nights. Each night I added new things, the majority of which are very private. This includes pictures of my ancestors, notes, letters, and personal belongings. It also includes some of my ritual tools and sacrifices and offerings I gave. These are private and between me and the spirits I work with, hence their absence from these pictures. I encourage you to do the same with your altar. Remember, part of witchcraft is "to remain silent." This doesn't mean not sharing your knowledge and craft, but being wise in what and how you share. Not everyone has your best interests in mind.

I hope everyone has a blessed winter and that it is nothing but light in the darkness.

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Magical Properties of Fuchsite

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How to Celebrate Vetrnætr/Winter Nights for Modern Heathens

Winter Nights begins on the first full moon after the Autumn Equinox and lasts three days. This places Winter Nights starting on October 17th and ending on October 19th, 2024. Using the Eddas, archeological research, and historical records, Winter Nights included three blots, or sacrifices: Alfablót, Disablót, and Haustblót. 

Alfablót and Disablót were believed to be celebrated more privately while Haustblót was a community event. There is some suggestion that Disablót was also celebrated publically, and in some parts of the world, it still is. I, however, have chosen to make this a private celebration. Alfablót and Disablót are both celebrations of our ancestors, local spirits, and deities, each focusing on a different group. Alfablót celebrates our male ancestors, spirits, and Álfar, while Disablót celebrates our female ancestors, spirits, and Dísir. Haustblót, on the other hand, is more of a thanksgiving to celebrate the abundance of the final harvests, give thanks, and honor the spirits and deities that made such a bountiful harvest possible. One last hurrah before the cold sets in and the earth withers.

Modern Heathens can celebrate Winter Nights (Vetrnætr) in various ways that honor both traditional Norse customs and contemporary pagan practices. As with any celebration, your rituals, feasts, and sacrifices should be personal. If there is an ancestor you do not wish to work with and celebrate, don't. You are not required to include problematic ancestors in your rites and rituals. If you are unable to have a bonfire, light a candle or turn on a video of a fireplace burning. Don't eat meat (like myself) or drink alcohol, and therefore don't feel comfortable buying it as a sacrifice? Offer a hearty mushroom and root vegetable stew or grape juice instead. Your celebration methods are valid, even if they aren't "historically" accurate. Don't let anyone tell you otherwise.

With that said, how can you celebrate Winter Nights? I have broken this list down into what you can do each night, starting with Alfablót and ending with Haustblót. There is significant overlap between Alfablót and Disablót as they are very similar holy tides, so I have grouped them up for this list and made a note if an idea is better suited for one or the other.

Alfablót and Disablót

Honoring the Álfar and Dísir

1. Honor Your Male & Female Ancestors with Offerings 

Honor your ancestors by preparing a special meal and offering food and drink to them. You can create a small altar with photos or symbols of your ancestors and leave offerings such as mead, bread, or seasonal foods. Hold a blót (sacrificial rite), symbolically offering food or drink to the gods, spirits, and ancestors, and share a portion with them. 

Offering Ideas: Mead, bread, smoked meats, hearty vegetable stew, or honningkaker (honey cake/cookie)

2. Light a Sacred Fire or Candle 

Light a fire or candles to represent the transition from light to darkness as the days grow shorter. Fire is symbolic of protection and warmth, driving away the cold and spirits of the dark season. Sit around the fire for storytelling, sharing tales of ancestors or myths from Norse sagas. 

Alternative Ideas: If you cannot light a fire or candle, use an oil warmer or space heater, or pull up a video of a fireplace.

3. Peform Rituals for the Álfar & Dísir 

Honor the Álfar, protective male spirits or ancestors, and the Dísir, protective female spirits or ancestors. This was traditionally done with offerings of food, drink, or symbols of respect. A quiet, reflective ritual for each can be held to seek their guidance and protection throughout the winter months.

Ritual suggestion: Cleanse and clear a space for your working. Set up a simple altar with images of your ancestors, spirit guides, and deities. Light a candle and invite your ancestors to join you in your ritual. Ask them for guidance and protection and to send you messages through the flame of your candle. Focus on the candle flame and record any visions or insights you receive. Leave an offering of thanks for their assistance and guidance.

4. Cast Runes during Disablót

Practice divination by casting runes to gain insight into the coming winter or to seek guidance for the season ahead. Ask questions about your future, challenges, or personal growth during the dark season. Divination is particularly powerful during Disablót because such a practice was considered "women's work" and because the Dísir include the Norns (the Fates) and Freya (goddess of divination and magic).

Runic Spread Suggestions: Three Norns Spread (Past Actions, What Will Likely Happen, Influencing You Now) or Runic V (7 rune spread).

5. Meditation and Quiet Reflection 

Set aside time for meditation or quiet reflection on the shifting seasons, your connection to nature, and your place in the cycle of life and death. This can be done outdoors or at an altar, focusing on the themes of transformation, survival, and rebirth.

6. Reflect on Cycles of Death and Rebirth 

Use Vetrnætr as a time to reflect on personal transformation. As winter symbolizes death and renewal, consider meditative rituals focused on releasing old habits, behaviors, or aspects of your life that no longer serve you, and setting intentions for growth.

Ritual Idea: To break a bad habit, combine chili powder, ginger, ground cinnamon, and rosemary to create an incense. Light a black candle and a charcoal disk. Add your incense to the charcoal disk. Take a flammable image or other flammable representative of your bad habit (such as a written description or cigarette) and tear it up. As you do so, visualize the bad habit leaving you for good. See yourself happy and healthy without the habit. Place the destroyed habit on top of your charcoal disk and incense and say, "I release this my bad habit of [insert habit name here]. I banish it from me to be rid of it forever and always. I am transformed and free, so it shall be." End your ritual by cleansing yourself with smoke or water. Allow the candle and charcoal to burn out completely. Bury the spell remains away from your home or throw it in the trash away from your home.

Haustblót

Celebrating the Final Harvest

7. Seasonal Feast with Family & Friends

Prepare a feast with seasonal foods, particularly hearty dishes like meat, root vegetables, and grains. Traditionally, this time marked the end of the harvest, so incorporating harvest themes into the meal is symbolic. Invite family, friends, or members of your kindred to share in the meal, fostering community, warmth, and gratitude.

8. Perform a Group Ritual Outdoors

If you have access to natural settings, consider hosting an outdoor ritual. Offer libations (such as mead or ale) and seasonal fruits or grains to the land spirits (landvættir), asking for their blessings during the winter months. Make a group sacrifice to say thanks to the land and gods for providing you and yours with such abundance and ask for their blessing and protection in the coming harsh, winter months.

Offering Ideas: Mead, ale, smoked meat, honey, apples, stew, bread, grains

9. Seasonal and Ancestral Crafting

Engage in seasonal crafting as part of your celebration. Making handmade items like rune sets, wool garments, or seasonal decorations can connect you to the traditions of your ancestors, who prepared for the harsh winter with practical and creative work. This is the perfect time to can, smoke, and otherwise prepare foods to store through the winter months.

Craft ideas: Make runes, can seasonal vegetables, prep freezer meals, tan hides, dry apples and oranges to make a garland, or decorate pinecones with peanut butter and seeds for wildlife.

10. Craft Seasonal Charms or Wards 

Create protective charms or wards to safeguard your home and family during the darker half of the year. These can be made from autumn herbs, plants, or natural materials gathered during the season, such as dried leaves, acorns, or pinecones. This is also a great time to redo any protection wards you may already have. Take them down, perform a cleansing ritual, then put them back in place. Remember, wards trap things inside so you want to occasionally take them down to let any built of negativity or unwanted energy leave.

Charm Ideas: Create protective bind runes and draw them in protection oil on your doors and windows or create them out of sticks and hang around your home.

11. Set up a Seasonal Altar 

Design an altar for Vetrnætr that incorporates symbols of autumn and the coming winter. Use candles, seasonal herbs like mugwort or yarrow, and animal totems associated with the season (like ravens or wolves). Add offerings to the gods or ancestors. 

12. Storytelling and Saga Share

Storytelling is a way to pass on wisdom, entertain, and bond with others during the long nights. You can gather with loved ones or your kindred and take turns reading or telling stories from the Eddas or other mythic tales. This is also a great time to just talk and visit, sharing stories from your life and learning about the lives of others. If you are celebrating alone, why not read a book or watch a movie?

14. Hold a Sumbel or Symbel

A sumbel is a drinking ritual in which a horn or goblet of mead or other alcoholic drink is passed around. A series of toasts are made, usually to the gods, ancestors, or heroes followed by boasts of great deeds performed throughout the year, and oath-making for the future year. As with all things, be careful of the words you choose, as any oath made during this time will turn the wheels of fate. A sumbel is a ritual that celebrates and strengthens the community but can also include a blot or sacrifice to the gods if a sacrifice of mead is also made to them. (I plan to post a complete guide to symbels/sumbels in the future so keep an eye out for it!)

Other drink suggestions: Beer, ale, wine, cider, juice, sweetened milk, or tea

15. Hail the Gods and Goddesses with a Ritual Sacrifice

During Vetrnætr, you can honor specific gods or goddesses who are associated with the season, such as Freyr (for fertility and harvest), Hel (goddess of the underworld), or the Norns (weavers of fate). Include offerings and prayers in their honor during your ritual. Winter Nights is composed of three blots, or sacrifices. This sacrifice can be an offering of blood (fresh meat, prick your finger, etc) or a sacrifice of something of value to you, such as food, money, or your time.

Again, how you celebrate Winter Nights is entirely up to you, but it should honor those you have loved and lost and give thanks for the blessings you have received. I am excited to celebrate my first Winter Nights this year (which happens to fall right at my birthday, ha!). Remember, plan early and thoroughly so you don't feel rushed and out of sorts when it comes to celebrating. This does not have to be an elaborate or over-the-top sort of celebration. Quiet and thoughtful is just as powerful as loud and raucous.

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What is Vetrnætr or Winter Nights?

The Norse, like all peoples, celebrated seasonal and astrological changes. What these celebrations were and how they were celebrated has been largely up for interpretation, relying on the Sagas, archeology, and surviving traditions to inform scholars and modern Norse pagans. In Chapter 8 of the Ynglinga Saga by Snorri Sturluson, three great sacrifices are mentioned.

Þá skyldi blóta í móti vetri til árs, 

en at miðjum vetri blóta til gróðrar, hit þriðja at 

sumri, þat var sigrblót.

There should be a sacrifice at the beginning of winter for a good year, 

and in the middle of winter for a good crop, the 

third in summer day, that was the sacrifice for victory.

While not mentioned specifically by names like Sigrblót, the beginning of winter sacrifice is believed it be Vetrnætr or Winter Nights, while the mid-winter sacrifice is Yule. While most modern pagans are familiar with the lore and traditions of Yule, Winter Nights is less well known, especially by those practicing a Wiccan-inspired Wheel of the Year. So, what exactly is it?

Northern latitude countries, such as Iceland, Sweden, and Norway, experience much harsher winters that tend to come sooner rather than later compared to more southern latitudes like the United States. This pushes their slaughter season forward to mid-October instead of mid-November. The final three days of Haustmánuðr (Autumn Month) and the beginning of Gormánuðr (Slaughter Month), often marked as the first full moon of October or 28 days after the autumn equinox, were dedicated to celebrating the beginning of slaughter season and the final harvests.

We know Winter Nights lasted three days and what happened during these three days by analyzing the Sagas. In Valla-Ljóts saga 3 there is mention of hinar þriðju vetrnætur, “the third Winter Night,” suggesting that Winter Nights lasted at least three days. While further literature is contradictory, there are plenty of references to Haustblót occurring during Winter Nights. In Eyrbyggja saga 37 we see the following passage:

"Annað haust eftir að veturnóttum hafði Snorri goði haustboð mikið og bauð til vinum sínum. Þar var öldrykkja og fast drukkið."

...at winter-nights, Snorri the Priest had a great autumn-feast, and bade his friends thereto. Ale drinking they had thereat, and folk drank fast and were very merry with ale.

Gisla saga 15 further supports Haustblót being part of Winter Nights in its description of Thorgrim's Haustblót celebration.

Þorgrímr ætlaði at hafa haustboð at vetrnóttum ok fagna vetri ok blóta Frey ok býðr þangat Berki, bróður sínum ok Eyjólfi Þórðarsyni ok mǫrgu ǫðru stórmenni. Gísli býr ok til veizlu ok býðr til sín mágum sínum ór Arnarfirði ok Þorkǫtlum tveimr, ok skorti eigi hálft hundrað manna at Gísla. Drykkja skyldi vera at hvárratveggja, ok var strát gólf á Sæbóli af sefinu af Seftjǫrn.

Thorgrim intended to have an autumn gathering at Winternights and welcome winter and sacrifice to Freyr, and he invited his brother Bork and Eyjolf Thordarson and many other prominent men. Gisli also prepared a feast and invited his kin from Arnarfjord and the two Thorketills. There were no fewer than half a hundred men at Gisli’s home. There was to be drinking at both houses, and the floor at Sæbol was strewn with sedges from Seftjorn.

Here we not only see Haustblót 's inclusion in Winter Nights but also get a glimpse into how the holiday would have been celebrated. These celebratory practices are further discussed in Óláfs saga helga 107:

Þat haust váru sǫgð Óláfi konungi þau tiðendi innan ór Þrándheimi, at boendur hefði þar haft veizlur fjǫlmennar at veturnóttum. Váru þar drykkjur miklar. Var konungi svá sagt, at þar væri minni ǫll signuð Ásum at fornum sið. Þat fylgdi ok þeiri sǫgn, at þar væri drepit naut ok hross og roðnir stallar af blóði ok framið blót ok veittr sá formáli, at þat skyldi vera til árbótar.

That fall, the tidings were told to King Olaf at Thrandheim that the freeholders had held a feast attended by many at Winternights. There was much drinking there. The king was told that there was minni-ale blessed to the Æsir according to the old custom. The story continued that cattle and horses were killed and the altars reddened with blood, and a blót carried out, and the prayer performed that had to be made for better seasons.

Here we see that not only was Haustblót celebrated with communal feasting, drinking, a toast to the gods (sumbel), and general merriment, but also marked by a ritual sacrifice, in this case of cattle and horses. Prayers were performed over these sacrifices in hopes of ensuring a quick winter and a bountiful harvest in the coming year. I have said it before and I will say it again, our ancestors relied heavily on their harvests to ensure they survived through the winter. A failed crop or loss of livestock ensured a family's demise, especially if their community didn't come to the rescue. These sacrifices were made to the gods as a thank-you for the abundance they had received and to ensure they wouldn't go without in the coming year.

There are also indications that sporting contests were also held during Winter Nights. Both Eyrbyggja saga 43 and Hallfreðar saga vandræðaskálds 2 mention annual leikmóts or sporting contests being held at or around the time of Winter Nights, suggesting that not only did the community celebrate with feasts, drinking, merriment, and sacrifices, but also with contests and games. The most commonly mentioned game in the sagas is knáttleikr, a game similar to hurling or shinty that could be played on either land or ice.

But what about Disablót and Alfablót? Again, there are contradictions in the texts, but in general, most agree both of these celebrations and sacrifices occur on or around Winter Nights. In Víga-Glúms saga 6 it says:

Þar var veisla búin að veturnóttum og gert dísablót og allir skulu þessa minning gera. Glúmur situr í rúmi sínu og gengur eigi til. Og er á leið kveldið er menn voru komnir þá var eigi svo mikil gleði sem líklegt mundi þykja fyrir fagnaðar sakir og vina fundar er þar voru margir saman komnir. Og þann dag er menn höfðu komið til boðsins hafði Glúmur eigi út gengið í móti mönnum og bauð engum að sitja hjá sér eða í hans rúmi.

A party was held there on a winter's night and an oath was taken, and everyone should remember this. Glúmur sits in his bed and does not move. And as the evening wore on, when the men had arrived, there was not so much joy as might be thought for the sake of rejoicing and the meeting of friends, where many had gathered. And on the day when the men had come to the invitation, Glúmur had not gone out to meet the men and did not invite anyone to sit with him or in his bed.

Egils saga 44 further corroborates that Disablót was held near winter's beginning with "much drink." Most famously, however, is Disablót's mention in the Heiðreks saga. In this story, King Álfr of Álfheimr holds a great Disablót celebration where his daughter, Álfhildr conducts the rites. Álfhildr is kidnapped while she is "reddening a horgr with blood" which suggests the ritual sacrifice during Disablót was performed by women. Other passages, such as the Ynglinga saga suggest men were capable of performing these rites as well, but disa is often connected to Disir making it a time to celebrate feminine spirits, deities, and ancestors. Whether or not women performed the rite is not particularly important as long as the Disir are being honored and celebrated.

By August Malmström - Alf Henrikson (1985) Ända Från Vendelkråka. p. 23, Public Domain

Alfablót, like Disablót is mentioned as being in the autumn in Austfararvísur, where Sigvat, a traveling poet, is denied hospitality as the family is holding Alfablót:

'Gakkat inn,’ kvað ekkja, 

‘armi drengr, en lengra; 

hræðumk ek við Óðins 

— erum heiðin vér — reiði.’ 

Rýgr kvazk inni eiga 

óþekk, sús mér hnekkði, 

alfablót, sem ulfi 

ótvín, í bœ sínum.

Do not come any farther in, wretched fellow’, said 

the woman; ‘I fear the wrath of Óðinn; we are 

heathen.’ The disagreeable female, who drove me 

away like a wolf without hesitation, said they were 

holding a sacrifice to the elves inside her farmhouse.

This passage also gives us a glimpse into what Alfablót was, "a sacrifice to the elves." Alfar translated to "elves" but is also believed to be deceased ancestors, as Frey/Freyr, who is also mentioned in Gísla saga 15 is the lord of Álfheimr, aka lord of the dead in their mounds. Furthermore, in the district of Geirstaðir, harvest sacrifices were made at the burial mound of the Norwegian king, Olaf, in hopes of bringing prosperity and good harvests. This further suggests Alfablót's connection with celebrating and honoring the dead. Today, some modern Norse pagans honor protective land spirits during Alfablót while others choose to honor their male ancestors. The sagas suggest both are accurate so it's entirely up to you what to honor during this time. The same is true of Disablót, but Disablót's clear connection with the disir suggests it is both a celebration of female ancestors and feminine spirits and goddesses alike.

Not only do these above passages suggest that Disablót and Alfablót were held during Winter Nights, but they also suggest both of these sacrifices were held privately with family and close friends, unlike Haustblót which was celebrated by the community at large. Neither Disablót nor Alfablót was necessarily a celebration, but something that you did during Winter Nights to honor ancestors, gods, and land spirits. Being a blot, we know a sacrifice of blood would have been made and perhaps followed by a small family dinner with drink. Some have suggested Alfablót is similar to Samhain, but there are very limited similarities between the two. While both celebrate the dead, there were no carved gourds, costumes, or such rituals during Alfablót.

The Stentoften Stone, bearing a runic inscription that likely describes a blót of nine he-goats and nine male horses bringing fertility to the land. By Henrik Sendelbach, CC BY-SA 3.0

This year (2024) Winter Nights begins on October 17th and concludes on October 19th. The order in which you celebrate these three blots is entirely up to you, as nothing suggests their order in the sagas. I have chosen to celebrate Alfablót on the first night followed by Disablót then Haustblót. Much like our forefathers, I plan to spend the first two nights privately celebrating those we have loved and lost while simultaneously celebrating and thanking the spirits of the land for their continued protection and support. All of this will crescendo on Saturday with a larger celebration and feast with family and friends. Keep an eye out for my upcoming post on ways to celebrate Winter Nights, my sacrifice suggestions, feast recipes, and altar inspiration! Until then!

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