13 Herbs To Induce an Altered State of Consciousness and Aid in Hedge Riding

Reaching an altered state of consciousness (ASOC) is necessary for hedge riding and other forms of astral travel as it allows your spirit to transcend our reality. Reaching an ASOC is often difficult for those with overactive minds, especially in today's society which suggests relaxing means you are lazy. Winding down enough to quiet the mind and focus on shifting your consciousness takes work, but it can be aided through breathwork, drumming, chanting, dancing, and even plants.

Entheogens are a psychoactive group of plants that help induce an ASOC, often in a religious or shamanic context. The term entheogen comes from the Greek entheos meaning "god within" and genesthe meaning "to generate." This roughly translates to "to generate god within" or creating the divine within one's self, referring to the transcendence of one's spirit while under the effects of an entheogen. In other words, entheogens produce visions and induce an ASOC.

Entheogens have been used across cultures in a variety of religious activities, especially among shamans, medicine men, diviners, oracles, seidhr, and witches, among others. Many entheogens that have been used historically, such as fly agaric, peyote, ayahuasca, opiates, datura, and belladonna are currently illegal in many parts of the world or dangerous if not used under the guidance of a licensed professional. There are, however, several other entheogens and non-entheogens that are legal and generally considered safe, even for novice herbalists, that you can use in your practice.

In today's post, I offer 13 plants and herbs you can use to reach an ASOC and aid you in your hedge riding journey. As with all plant use, use at your own risk. Some of these plants do not mix well with certain medications, can induce anxiety or panic, cause cancer if used long-term, or are not legal in all areas.

1. Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris)

Mugwort is by far my favorite herb for just about everything, especially when it comes to hedge riding and spirit work. Sometimes referred to as the Witch Herb, mugwort is known for its ability to enhance psychic abilities and intuition, assist in lucid dreaming, and heighten awareness and focus. It is one of many plants commonly found in flying ointments, hallucinogenic salves/oils used to aid in hedge riding and other forms of astral travel.

Use

You can use dried leaves, stems, roots, or flowers of mugwort in a couple of different ways to induce an ASOC, but the best way is through smoking or inhaling incense smoke. It pairs well with tobacco in both instances. Mugwort can also be drunk as a tea. To make an infusion combine 1 teaspoon of dried mugwort with 1 cup of boiling water or try my Hedge Riding tea recipe. Allow the mixture to infuse for 10 minutes before drinking. Mugwort can also be used topically as an oil or ointment. Generally speaking, using mugwort topically is slower to induce an ASOC and can sometimes leave individuals feeling hung over. I have not experienced this with mugwort, but others have reported general fatigue, headache, and tiredness after use.

Do not use mugwort if you are:

• Allergic to ragweed, birch, celery, wild carrots, fennel, honey, hazelnuts, pine nuts, tobacco, or grass.
• Pregnant (causes uterine contractions)
• Living in Lousiana (currently banned)
  
  

2. Lavender (Lavandula angustifolia)

While lavender is not an entheogen, it is relaxing, helping to calm the mind and shift your awareness away from the mundane. Historically, lavender has been used to enhance sleep and induce prophetic dreams as it helps regulate the parasympathetic nervous system, which controls bodily processes like breathing, heart rate, and hormone secretion. This is not the most potent of herbs on this list, but it is among the safest and also part of my Hedge Riding tea.

Use

The use of lavender is very diverse. The flowers can be drunk as an infusion, burned as incense, or used as an essential oil on pulse points, similar to how you would apply a flying ointment. To create an infusion, combine 1 teaspoon of dried lavender with 1 cup of warm (not quite boiling) water. Allow the mixture to infuse for 5-10 minutes before enjoying. 

Do not use lavender if you are:

• Allergic to tea tree oil. Some individuals who are allergic to tea tree oil are also allergic to lavender oil.
  
  

3. Garden Sage (Salvia officinalis)

While you are probably most familiar with sage for its cleansing and protective qualities, garden sage can also be used to reach an ASOC. When burned, garden sage has been found to induce relaxation, enhance memory, and heighten awareness. Some report feeling lighter and having an elevated awareness when using garden sage. Like lavender, garden sage is not an entheogen and therefore not a potent as some other herbs on this list. That doesn't make it less effective though. 

Use

The best way to use garden sage is to smoke it or inhale incense smoke. It pairs well with tobacco and mugwort. It can also be drunk as an infusion although the effects are lessened significantly when used this way. To make an infusion, combine 1 teaspoon of dried leaves with 1 cup boiling water. Allow the mixture to infuse for 10 minutes before enjoying.

Do not use garden sage if you are:

• Allergic to peppermint, oregano, or pollen
• Have seizures (contains thujone which can trigger seizures)
• Taking medication to manage diabetes (can interact with diabetes medication)
  
  

4. Tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum)

Tobacco has long been used to aid in spirit communication and has been seen as the connection between humans and spirits. As such, it is commonly found on ancestral altars, smoked during certain ceremonial rituals, or used to summon spirits. Nicotine is mildly hallucinogenic allowing you to reach an ASOC when smoked or chewed. Nicotine, however, is also very addicting, and therefore tobacco should be used sparingly and with caution. It pairs well with mugwort and garden sage.

Use

Tobacco is most effective when smoked or chewed. It can also be used as an incense and the smoke inhaled.

Do not use tobacco if you are:

• Have asthma
• Pregnant (can cause birth defects)
  
  

5. Lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus)

This one might be surprising to some, but I promise you it's here for a reason. Lemongrass is often used in rituals to cleanse and purify, but that's not its only use. It's also used to calm the spirit and mind, enhance psychic abilities and focus, dissolve obstacles, and promote openness, allowing you to slip into the astral plane more easily. Furthermore, lemongrass has been used to aid in shapeshifting, making it of particular use to those engaged in astral travel.

Use

Dried lemongrass can be burned as an incense or drank as an infusion to induce an ASOC. If burning as an incense, lemon grass pairs well with mugwort and lavender. To create an infusion, combine 1 teaspoon of dried lemongrass with 1 cup of hot water (not boiling). Allow the mixture to infuse for 10 to 15 minutes before enjoying.

Do not use lemongrass if you are:

• Allergic to wheat, rye, oats, or rice (in the same family but does not contain gluten)
• Pregnant (causes uterine contractions)
  
  

6. Damiana (Turnera diffusa)

While damiana is most often used in sex magic, it can also be used to increase psychic awareness, induce prophetic dreams, and promote clairvoyance by aiding in relaxation. In the 1950s, damiana was often used in lue of marijuana as it induces a slight "high." It helps quiet the mind, allowing you to enter an ASOC more easily, while simultaneously heightening your perception. This makes it a great herb for hedge riding, trancework, and other forms of astral travel.

Use

Dried leaves of damiana can be smoked, burned as incense, or drank as an infusion, while the essential oil can be applied to pulse points to induce an ASOC. If smoking, damiana pairs well with marijuana (they have a similar flavor) or tobacco. To create an infusion, combine 1 teaspoon of dried damiana with 1 cup boiling water. Allow the mixture to infuse for 10 to 15 minutes before enjoying.

Do not use damiana if you are:

• Hypoglycemic or taking medication to regulate diabetes (can lower blood sugar)
• Living in Lousiana (currently banned)
  
  

7. Blue Lotus (Nymphaea caerulea)

Blue lotus is an entheogen that contains three alkaloids, apomorphine, aporphine, and nuciferine, that have psychotropic effects similar to cannabis. It induces an opioid-like state, making you feel lightly euphoric, and helping to induce a trance-like state. As such it is often used to induce lucid dreaming and to enhance visionary experiences. Because it goes through periods of "waking" and "sleeping," the Egyptians associated it with life and death, thus providing a spiritual connection with the afterlife. Its magical correspondences in conjunction with its psychotropic effects make it a wonderful herb to use during hedge riding. In the US, blue lotus is not approved for human consumption, making it difficult to find, but it is legal in every state except Louisiana. 

Use

Blue lotus can be used in a variety of ways, most commonly through drinking tea, taking an extract, or smoking the dried flower petals. It pairs well with tobacco and cannabis if smoking. To make an infusion, combine 1 teaspoon dried blue lotus flower with 1 cup hot water (not boiling) and allow the mixture to infuse for 10-15 minutes before enjoying.

Do not use blue lotus if you are:

• Allergic to water lilies and other related plants
• In the US military (use of blue lotus is prohibited for all service members)
• Living in Lousiana (currently banned)
  
  

8. Wild Asparagus Root (Asparagus racemosus)

Also known as Tian Men Dong meaning "heavenly spirit herb," wild asparagus root has long been used by spiritual practitioners for its "heart-opening" effects. Taoist monks often used wild asparagus root to strengthen one's spirit and induce dreams, nicknaming it "the flying herb" because it would help the user fly through the universe during lucid dreaming. Wild asparagus root is listed as endangered in its natural habitat, so if you plan on using this root in your practice, be sure you purchase it from a reputable dealer who practices sustainable harvesting practices.

Use

Wild asparagus root is usually drank as a tea. To make an infusion, simmer 1 teaspoon of dried wild asparagus root with 1-1.5 cups of water for at least 15 minutes or up to 1 hour depending on how strong you want your infusion.

Do not use wild asparagus root if you are:

• Allergic to onions, leeks, garlic, or chives
  
  

9. African Dream Root (Silene capensis)

African dream root has been used by the Xhosa and Zulu people of South Africa to induce lucid dreaming and promote vivid dreams. African dream root contains triterpene saponins, which are known to stimulate vivid dreams and lucid dreaming to those sensitive to its effects. Furthermore, the alkaloids and diterpenoids in the root give it a mild psychoactive effect, making it perfect for reaching an ASOC. However, if you choose to work with African dream root, be mindful of the cultural heritage associated with it. Respecting and honoring the traditions, practices, and cultures surrounding African dream root is essential. When in doubt, don't work with it if you aren't going to respect the culture it originates from. 

Use

African dream root is traditionally consumed as a foam. 1/8 of a teaspoon or 200 milligrams of dried root powder is combined with water in a container and shaken until foam forms. The foam is then consumed and the container is shaken again. This is repeated until you feel full or feel you have had enough. Dosing is extremely important here. While African dream root is not toxic, too much can cause you to vomit.

Do not use African dream root if you are:

• Suffering from stomach issues, such as ulcers (saponins may irritate the lining of the stomach and digestive tract)
• Not going to honor its cultural heritage
  
  

10. African Dream Bean (Entada rheedii)

Despite its name, the African dream bean is also native to Asia, Australia, and Madagascar, growing in tropical areas as a climbing vine. In South Africa, the bean's tender flesh was consumed or smoked to connect with the spirit world and ancestors and induce lucid dreaming, similar to that of the African dream root. While the psychoactive effects of the African dream bean are not fully understood, it's suspected that the saponins and alkaloids found in the seeds contribute to its dream-inducing properties. Like the African dream root, be mindful of the cultural heritage associated with it. Respecting and honoring the traditions, practices, and cultures surrounding the African dream bean is essential. When in doubt, don't work with it if you aren't going to respect the culture it originates from. 

Use

Traditionally the inner meat is eaten directly or the meat is dried and smoked.

Do not use African dream bean if you are:

• Suffering from stomach issues, such as ulcers (saponins may irritate the lining of the stomach and digestive tract)
• Not going to honor its cultural heritage
  
  

11. Shrubby Yellowcrest/Sun Opener (Heimia salicifolia)

Also known as Sinicuichi by the Aztecs, shrubby yellowcrest was and is commonly used to induce trances as it contains mildly hallucinogenic alkaloids such as vertine and lythrine, although its psychoactive properties have not been medically confirmed. Either way, it is said to not only induce a trance-like state but also alter auditory perception and yellowing of the vision when consumed in large quantities, giving rise to its name "Sun Opener." Shurbby yellowcrest is still used among certain groups in Central America and South America, so be respectful of its cultural heritage if you choose to work with this plant.

Use

Traditionally shrubby yellowcrest is used as an elixir that takes at least 24 hours to create. Fresh leaves are collected and allowed to wilt before being crushed and placed in a jar with cold water and placed in the sun. The mixture is left to ferment for at least 24 hours before being consumed. If you do not have access to fresh leaves, dried leaves can be used to create a non-traditional infusion by combining 1 teaspoon of dried leaves with 1 cup of boiling water. Allow the mixture to infuse for 15 minutes before enjoying.

Do not use shrubby yellowcrest if you are:

• Hypoglycemic or taking medication to regulate diabetes (may lower blood sugar)
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Living in Lousiana (currently banned)
• Not going to honor its cultural heritage

12. Mexican Dream Herb (Calea zacatechichi)

Mexican dream herb or bitter grass is one of the most well-known dream herbs, historically being used by the Chontal Maya to induce lucid dreaming and improve mental clarity and focus. Users commonly report this herb helping journeys, trances, and dreams to follow a more coherent narrative instead of abruptly shifting or ending before you want them to. While most individuals use it to improve dream recognition, it can produce a mild hallucinogenic effect while awake, lower blood pressure, even breathing, and relax the body, allowing the user to slip into an ASOC and detach from our realm.

Use

Mexican dream herb is commonly smoked or drunk as tea. To create an infusion, combine 3-5 grams of dried leaves with 1 cup of boiling water. Allow the mixture to infuse for 10-15 minutes before enjoying.

Do not use Mexican dream herb if you are:

• Allergic to ragwed, daises, or chrysanthemums
• Hypoglycemic or taking medication to regulate diabetes (may lower blood sugar)
• Living in Lousiana (currently banned)
• Not going to honor its cultural heritage
  
  

13. Cannabis

Cannabis, like many other plants on this list, is an entheogen and it should surprise no one that I included it. When smoked or consumed, it induces an ASOC, allowing the user to slip between realms easily. It has long been used across multiple cultures with ritual uses being recorded in almost every civilization. Early Chinese occultists used cannabis to see into the future, while ancient Egyptians used it to induce visions and communicate with the gods. In the 15th century, a coven of witches in Germany was accused of using cannabis, among other herbs, in flying ointments. According to Christian Ratsch, cannabis was associated with Freya and ritually used to connect with the divine feminine. The history is endless, but the uses are remarkably similar: induce an ASOC or trance and increase psychic abilities. 

Use

Cannabis can be smoked or consumed through food in small doses. Moderation is key when using cannabis, especially if you have never used it before. Too much and you lose control of the high, ruining your chances of hedge riding successfully.

Do not use cannabis if you are:

• Allergic to almonds, apples, bananas, chestnuts, eggplant, grapefruit, peaches, or tomatoes
• Pregnant or breastfeeding
• Taking anticoagulants (decreases their effectiveness increasing the risk of bleeding)
• Taking SSRIs (interferes with effectiveness and can cause mania)
• Living in a state or country where it's currently illegal

This is by no means a complete list of plants you can use to induce an altered state of consciousness when wishing to engage in hedge riding, lucid dreaming, or other forms of astral travel. However, these are some of the most accessible and most often used for such purposes because they are generally safe and legal. As I mentioned earlier, always exercise caution when working with any plant. If you are new to trancework and hedge riding, have a friend watch over you while you experiment with dosing. Always start with less before working up to higher doses. The point is not to get high, but to relax enough to shift your consciousness. If in doubt, stick with mugwort, lavender, lemongrass, and garden sage.

Happy exploring!

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Bridging the Veil: An Anointing Oil Recipe for Ancestral Communication

As the veil between our world and the spirit realm thins once again as Samhain approaches, communication with our ancestors becomes easier. Across cultures, ancestors have been revered as guardians of wisdom and guides in our earthly journeys, with many cultures creating altars and shrines to honor said ancestors. Today we will create an anointing oil specifically attuned to the thinning veil of Samhain using herbs and spices associated with the season, a fragrant homage to honor, connect, and communicate with the spirits of our lineage.

What You'll Need

• 1 part dried mugwort
• 1 part dried yarrow flowers
• 1 part allspice (1/2 the amount if you are using ground)
• 1 part dried rosemary
• Grapeseed oil or another oil base to cover
• Obsidian or amethyst chips (optional)
• Amber bottle

What to Do

There are two different methods that can be employed the create this anointing oil: sunning and simmering. Sunning will take approximately 4 weeks to create while simmering will take about an hour from start to finish. For the sunning method, combine equal parts of mugwort, yarrow, allspice, and rosemary in a clear jar and cover with grapeseed oil or your oil of choice. Seal and place in a sunny window for 4 to 6 weeks before straining into an amber bottle. Top with obsidian or amethyst chips and store in a cool, dark place until ready to use.

For the simmering method, combine equal parts of mugwort, yarrow, allspice, and rosemary in a saucepan and cover with grapeseed oil or your oil of choice. I fill my amber bottle with oil first then add it to my saucepan to ensure I don't create too much. Bring the mixture to a boil then reduce the heat until the oil is lightly simmering. Allow the mixture to simmer for at least 10 minutes until fragrant. Stir clockwise often and adjust the temperature as needed to prevent the herbs from scorching. Strain the mixture into your amber bottle. Top with obsidian or amethyst chips and store in a cool, dark place until ready to use.

This anointing oil is pretty versatile and can be used to clean your ancestral altar, dress candles, or even as an offering to your ancestors. You can also use it to open the doors of communication with the dead by anointing your third eye prior to attempting communication.

Why You Did It

Understanding the whys of a spell (or recipe) is just as important as performing it. It helps you understand the process so you can modify the spell or ritual to suit your needs and helps guide you to write your own. It's my intention that by providing these explanations, you can build a better understanding of how spells are written and executed so you can modify and build your own spells (the goal of my Spellcrafting Series). 

This particular recipe relies on the power of several different herbs, each deeply associated with spirit communication, death, funerary rites, and ancestral veneration. Mugwort is one of the most potent herbs in this oil, historically being used to enhance and induce psychic visions, enhance spirit communication, attract ghosts, and aid in astral travel such as hedge riding. As a hedge witch, mugwort is a staple in my personal practice. While burning or smoking is the most effective use of mugwort for these purposes, they still lend their aid in this anointing oil. Yarrow was one of the first funerary herbs ever used by humans, its pollen being found in graves some 60,000 years old. While some debate whether or not this pollen was intentionally placed, it matters not. Yarrow has long been connected with death and our transition to the Otherworld. Yarrow has the ability to anchor us in reality while opening the lines of communication between the living and the dead. Its most often used to see the unseen and is therefore used in spirit communication and during divination rituals. Allspice is traditionally associated with good luck and fortune and its potent aroma is often used to awaken. In this particular recipe, it's used to awaken your ancestors, aiding them in finding their way to you, as well as to garner their favor and increase your chances of successfully communication with them. Finally, rosemary was added to enhance memory, gain clarity, and strengthen communication as rosemary is the herb of remembrance. Rosemary is also deeply associated with protection, warding off any negative entities that may try to interrupt, confuse, or hijack your communication with your ancestors.

Finally, obsidian or amethyst chips were added to the oil to further enhance ancestral communication. Obsidian has long been regarded as a scrying tool, its shiny glass surface being used to induce visions into the beyond. As such, it's associated with spirit communication. Amethyst is associated with intuition and increases psychic abilities, helping open the user's third eye so messages can be easily received. By adding amethyst to this oil, it increases the oil's potency.

Remember to record this recipe in your Book of Shadows for reference later.

***

As the veil continues to thin, I hope you will take this time to engage in spirit work, commune with spirits, and venerate your ancestors. This is the best time to work on forming and maintaining these relationships, so use it wisely!

Interested in learning more about ancestral communication and veneration? Below are some resources to get you started.

Fruit of the Underworld Ritual: A Ritual to Connect with Your Ancestors

Spirit Work for Samhain

Book Review: Honoring Your Ancestors- A Guide to Ancestral Veneration by Mallorie Vaudoise

Book Review: Ancestral Tarot by Nancy Hendrickson

Book Review: What Is Remembered Lives by Phoenix LeFae

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The Transforming Witch: A Comprehensive Guide to Shapeshifting in Witchcraft

Disclosure: Some of the links below are affiliate links, meaning, at no additional cost to you, I will earn a commission if you click through and make a purchase.

Shapeshifting has long captivated the human imagination, holding a prominent place in the realms of witchcraft and the occult. In fact, the myth of the shapeshifting witch can be found in folklore around the world and across multiple cultures, from the British Isles to the Americas to Asia and Africa, where witches were reported to turn into rabbits, cats, deer, mice, owls, ravens, and wolves. Shapeshifting is an intriguing practice that involves altering one's physical form, or at least one's perception, and is often associated with mystical abilities and spiritual connections. In today's article, we delve into the depths of shapeshifting in witchcraft, exploring its historical roots, role in hedge riding and other contemporary applications, and how modern witches can engage in this transformative practice, including spells and rituals to help you transform! This is a hell of a long post, so buckle up witch!

What is Shapeshifting?

Shapeshifting, in the context of witchcraft, refers to the belief and practice of altering one's form or perception through magic and ritual and can take place in the Otherworld or on our current astral plane depending on the needs of the witch. It encompasses the idea of undergoing a physical or metaphorical transformation, allowing witches to embody different beings, animals, or even objects. Often times this occurs when the witch wears the body of an animal, such as a skin or mask, but it can also happen through ritual trance work. As much as many of us wish to physically transform into an animal, we know literal transformation is not possible, but it can certainly happen on an energetic or spirit level. This can occur in one of two ways: the witch's spirit transforms into the spirit of an animal or the witch's spirit 'rides' a living animal or external spirit on the physical plane or in the Otherworld. In either case, both are considered shapeshifting and can be used for the same purposes.

The History of Shapeshifting

Throughout history, shapeshifting has been a recurring theme in witchcraft and occult practices. Mythologists from different cultures are replete with tales of witches, sorcerers, and enchantresses who possess the ability to shift their shape at will. In folklore, we encounter stories of witches taking the form of animals, such as the witch's fetch or the lycanthropic legends of the werewolves. These myths and folklore are so widespread and prevalent that it's hard to cover them all, but I'll do my best to sum them up here.

Starting with prehistoric records, we have possibly the earliest record of shapeshifting found in the Cave of Trois-Frères in southern modern-day France. Among the drawings is one named "The Sorcerer," which looks to be a mix between a human and a deer in mid-transformation. While the image is debated, many scholars believe the image is a reference to a belief in the ritual of transformation.

The Sorcerer, drawing of the cave art, Cave of the Trois-Frères, France.

Later, in Ancient Rome and Greece, we see a number of classical writers reference shapeshifting, sometimes by choice and other times as a punishment. In the Odyssey, Circe punishes Odysseus and his men by turning them into swine while in Ovid's Metamorphoses, Jupiter punishes Lycaon by turning him into a wolf (lycanthropy anyone?). However, not all transformations were punishments. In The Golden Ass by Apuleius, Lucius uses a magical ointment to accidentally turn into an ass while attempting to transform into a bird. This is likely a precursor to later flying ointments, used by witches during astral flight and hedge riding. Among the gods, Zeus is known to shapeshift into countless different creatures and even turn others into animals as both punishment and for fun. Other gods and goddesses are noted as doing the same, such as Demeter transforming Ascalabus into a lizard for mocking her sorrow and King Lyncus into a lynx for attempted murder. Medusa is turned into a gorgon for having sexual intercourse, whether consensual or not, in Athena's temple. The list is honestly endless. Other times, women were transformed to escape being raped, such as Daphne being turned into a laurel, Corone into a crow, or even Demeter into a mare. These transformations were aided by the powers of the gods, whether invoked or not, suggesting that one could not change without magical or divine intervention.

Across the way in Scandinavia, the Nordic Völsunga saga also includes multiple tales of shapeshifting, sometimes by choice and sometimes due to a curse. In the tale of Sigmund and Sinfjötli, both are able to turn into wolves using wolf skins stolen from the sons of the king who were believed to be skilled in witchcraft. Unfortunately, after donning the skins, they are unable to transform back, becoming werewolves themselves. In yet another tale, Björn, the son of King Hring, is punished by the queen who strikes him with a wolf skin glove and curses him to become a rabid, wild animal who can eat only his father's sheep. He is later hunted down and killed by the king's men and the queen has his remains cooked and eaten during a feast. The idea of wearing an animal skin also appears in the Vælundar kviða where young maidens are said to wear the skins of swans to fly. There are also references in the Faroëse song of Finnur hin friði, where Finn turns into a werewolf after being cursed and in the second Kviða of Helga Hundingsbana a curse is said to turn people into wolves. Of course, Odin too, much like Zues, is mentioned on multiple occasions as turning into a bird, beast, fish, or woman, as well as Loki, for various purposes. 

Apart from references in songs and literature, there is also the eigi einhamir in Nordic and Icelandic folklore. The eigi einhamir, which means 'not one skin', were men who could take on the bodies of another and assume the nature of that body, usually a beast. They are only recognizable by their eyes, which cannot be changed despite the rest of their form shifting. How this shapeshifting occurred varied. Sometimes the skin of the animal was worn, other times the spirit left the body behind to inhabit or transform into a second form. It could also occur through incantations or charms, much like the charms found in Celtic countries.

German woodcut of werewolf from 1722

Much like the rest of Europe and the world, the British Isles have a host of shapeshifting myths and legends, as well as well-documented spells for shapeshifting. These tales mirror those found in Greaco-Roman and Scandinavian folklore and include such tales as the selkie wearing seal skin, kelpies disguised as horses or women, or the puca who can transform into multiple terrifying forms. There are also countless tales of people being transformed as a punishment, including Aoife who turned her stepchildren into swans to get rid of them, or Blodeuwedd who was transformed into an owl after betraying her husband. 

Apart from these tales we also have references to spells used for shapeshifting. Fīth-fāth (pronounced 'fee-fuh') is a Celtic shapeshifting spell, which is believed to render the user invisible to mortal eyes or transform them completely. Fīth-fāth has many different potential translations, including "shapeshifter," "effigy," and "words of magic," all referencing its use as a charm. Traditionally, it's believed these charms were spoken aloud with invocations for protection. It was often used by hunters, warriors, travelers, and smugglers wishing to render themselves unrecognizable to others, thus being used to make them 'invisible.' However, one translation of fīth-fāth is "the deer's aspect" leading some to believe the charms were first used by hunters to make them invisible or transform them into deer. The Carmina Gadelica references the latter in the story of Ossian who comes across a beautiful deer while hunting. This deer turns out to be his mother who says, "Do not hurt me, Ossian. I am thy mother under the 'fīth-fāth,' in the form of a hind abroad and in the form of a woman at home." This same text offers a shapeshifting spell, seen below, to render the user invisible or turn men into horses, bulls, and stags, and women into cats, hares, and hinds.

FATH fith (English Translation)
Will I make on thee,
By Mary of the augury,
By Bride of the corslet,
From sheep, from ram,
From goat, from buck,
From fox, from wolf,
From sow, from boar,
From dog, from cat,
From hipped-bear,
From wilderness-dog,
From watchful 'scan,'
From cow, from horse,
From bull, from heifer,
From daughter, from son,
From the birds of the air,
From the creeping things of the earth,
From the fishes of the sea,
From the imps of the storm.

More famous incantations come from Isobel Gowdie during the 17th-century witch trials. During her confessions, Gowdie named two charms: one for transforming into a hare and one for transforming back into a woman.

To transform into a hare:

    I shall go into a hare
    With sorrow and sych and meickle care;
    And I shall go in the Devil’s name,
    Ay while I come home again.

To transform back:
    Hare, hare, God send thee care.
    I am in a hare’s likeness now,
    But I shall be in a woman’s likeness even now.

Other witches reported similar shapeshifting incantations as seen below.

To transform into a cat:
    I shall go into a cat,
    With sorrow and sych and a black shat;
    And I shall go in the Devil's name,
    Ay while I come home again.

To transform into a crow:
    I shall go into a craw,
    With sorrow and sych and a blak thraw,
    And I shall go in the Devil's name,
    Ay while I come home again.

By the 13th century, it was wildly believed witches could turn into animals at will. Witches were believed to turn into hares, toads, dogs, cats, and other animals to steal milk from their neighbors, curse livestock, and otherwise create mischief and mayhem. In many cases, the harm done to the animal form caused similar wounds to the human. In 1649, John Palmer of St. Albans, England confessed to transforming into a toad in order to torment his neighbor. The neighbor reportedly kicked the toad and Palmer complained about sore shins afterward. Guazzo tells a similar story about a man encountering a toad after refusing to pay his tab at a local bar. The man believed the barmaid had overcharged him and thus left without paying. His traveling companions sliced the toad's throat and the barmaid was stricken with the same wound. Similar stories appear in American folklore, including Aunty Greenleaf who was said to take on the form of a white doe to torment her neighbors' livestock. When the doe was shot with three silver bullets, Aunty Greenleaf was said to later die with three silver bullets lodged in her spine.  

Of course, shapeshifting myths and folklore don't end there. We also have the Navajo skinwalkers, the American loup-garou, Korean kumiho, Japanese yōkai, the kitsune, Tatar's Yuxa, and the Mexican La Lechuza. As much as I would love to dive into every single region's shapeshifting myths and folklore, it's simply too much. I invite you to read up on the myths of your ancestors and the region where you now reside. There is a plethora of shapeshifting lore out there, you just have to go looking for it.

Modern Uses of Shapeshifting

In contemporary witchcraft, shapeshifting has taken on metaphorical and symbolic significance. Modern witches utilize shapeshifting as a tool for personal growth, empowerment, and self-discovery. Through the exploration of different archetypes and primal instincts, witches seek to deepen their understanding of themselves and their connection to the natural world, develop a relationship with an animal guide or totem, and even gain new perspectives on a problem. Shapeshifting becomes a means to tap into hidden aspects of the psyche and embrace transformative experiences. This can take many forms, including calling upon different animal spirits during spell work, meditating on different animal aspects, working with animal spirits, journaling, ritual dance, etc.

Reproduction of a woodcut from Ulrich Molitor's 'De Lamiis' (1489) showing 3 animal-headed witches flying on a forked stick (or stang). Shows how witches sometimes 'shape-shift' into animal forms when flying.

Shapeshifting also shares a deep connection with shamanic journeying and hedge riding, a practice in which the witch traverses the different realms of the Otherworld for spiritual insight and healing. Within hedge riding and other shamanic traditions, shapeshifting serves as a means to enter other dimensions, communicate with animal spirits, and tap into their wisdom and attributes. By assuming the form of a particular animal, the shaman can embody its qualities, accessing unique perspectives and guidance on their journey. An animal form is also often taken as a form of protection during otherworldly travel, as animal spirits are often able to traverse undetected, acting as a form of invisibility, much like the Celtic fīth-fāth incantations. An animal form also allows the witch to travel more quickly and, in some cases, access areas previously unreachable, such as high mountain tops, deep within the ocean or lake, or even burrowing underground or into tight spaces.

To summarize, modern witches often incorporate shapeshifting to

• explore different archetypes and primal instincts
• deepen one's understanding of self
• connect with the natural world
• develop a deeper relationship with an animal guide or totem
• gain new perspectives on a problem
• traverse the Otherworld quickly
• protect against prying eyes or make one invisible during otherworldly travel
• gain animal wisdom and guidance
• access previously unreachable places
• access certain qualities associated with an animal
  
  

How to Shapeshift

Modern witches engage in shapeshifting through various techniques and practices. Visualization exercises play a significant role, where witches create vivid mental images of their desired form or archetype, often coupled with ritual work such as wearing animal skin, dancing, drumming, or incantations. Through meditation, you can enter a state of deep focus and receptivity, allowing yourself to embody the essence and qualities of the chosen form. Energy work, such as harnessing personal energy or working with elemental forces, can serve as a catalyst for the transformation, although most witches find it easier to use a mask or skin or use an ointment to prompt the change. Needless to say, there are multiple approaches to shapeshifting and you need to experiment to find which method works best for you. Below are several ways you can engage in shapeshifting from both folklore and modern witchcraft.

1. Incantations and Charms

This is probably one of the most commonly cited historical ways to shapeshift with the incantations from Isobel Gowdie and her fellow witches being cited most often found in the History of Shapeshifting section above. These incantations can be modernized and adapted to turn you into any animal you desire. Since most modern witches do not incorporate God or the Devil in their craft, you can change these titles to whatever deities you do believe in, such as Lord, Lady, Horned God, Hekate, etc. Pagan musician Damh (pronounced "Dave") the Bard does an excellent job of this in his song Fith Fath Song where he says,

I shall go as a wren in spring
With sorrow and sighing on silent wing
And I shall go in our Lady’s name
Aye, ‘til I come home again

Then we shall follow as falcons grey
And hunt thee cruelly for our prey
And we shall go in our Horned God's name
Aye to fetch thee home again

Then I shall go as a mouse in May
Through fields by night and in cellars by day
And I shall go in our Lady's name
Aye ‘til I come home again

Then we shall follow as black tom cats
And hunt thee through the fields and the vats
And we shall go in our Horned God's name
Aye to fetch thee home again

Then I shall go as an autumn hare
With sorrow and sighing and mickle care
And I shall go in our Lady's name
Aye till I come home again

Then we shall follow as swift greyhounds
And dog thy steps with leaps and bounds
And we shall go in our Horned God's name
Aye to fetch thee home again

Then I shall go as a winter trout
With sorrow and sighing and mickle doubt
And I shall go in our Lady's name
Aye till I come home again

Then we shall follow as otters swift
And bind thee fast so thou canst shift
And we shall go in our Horned God's name
Aye to fetch thee home again.

Of course, writing your own incantations works just as well, if not better, than using others' work.

2. Wearing Animal Skins or Masks

Apart from incantations, many witches engage in shapeshifting by animal skins or masks to encourage a transformation. This is often coupled with ritual dancing and drumming until an altered state of consciousness is reached. In her books Fang and Fur, Blood and Bone and Skin Spirits: Animal Parts in Spiritual and Magical Practice, Lupa dives deep into the practice. Lupa more often transforms into a wolf by wearing wolf skin and dancing around a fire. During the dance, she allows the animal's spirit, the spirit within the pelt, to take over her body leading to her total transformation. Wearing an animal mask also can prompt such changes.

In Call of the Horned Piper, Nigel Jackson describes a similar ritual to that of Lupa's. In order to shapeshift, the initiate would undergo a symbolic death by undressing and crossing a lake or other body of water. Upon arriving on the other side, they would don a wolf skin or belt and enter into an altered state of consciousness to "be projected forth in the form of a wolf." This same practice can be replicated with any animal skin or mask using a cold shower as the bridge to "death" should you not have access to a river or lake and privacy.

Witsen's Shaman, late 17th century. The earliest depiction of a Siberian shaman.

Of course, not everyone has access to animal skins and some skins and body parts are illegal to own. Remember to always check with your local laws to figure out what you can and cannot own. While animal skins are often cost-prohibitive for many, owning other body parts can be just as effective, such as teeth, feet, skulls, and other bones or fur/feather pieces. Turn these remains into talismans by creating jewelry, charm bags, belts, or other ritual garbs that can be worn during your shapeshifting rituals. Some reports suggest using salves made from the fat of the animal also works, but I have not tried this method. If you can't access actual remains, I encourage you to make your very own animal mask. There are multiple ways to do this, but as you create your mask, be sure to ask for the animal's aid and infuse their essence into the mask.

3. Trance, Meditation, and Visualization

Reaching an altered state of consciousness coupled with one or both of the aforementioned methods is the key to actual transformation. Reaching an altered state of consciousness can be done in a variety of ways, including ritual dancing, drumming, humming, consuming psychoactive plants, or using ointments. You can read more about these different methods in my posts on hedge riding or try my hedge riding tea. Unlike with hedge riding, however, the goal of reaching this trance state is to shapeshift. With that intention firmly in your mind, you can visualize yourself shifting into your animal form, your consciousness slowly becoming that of an animal. You may find walking/crawling on all fours, growling, hissing, or otherwise behaving like the animal aids in this transformation. Become the animal you wish to transform into.

If you are looking to shapeshift while hedge riding, visualizing the shift, reciting an incantation, and donning your animal garb within the Otherworld will also work. I routinely shapeshift into a fox while traversing the Otherworld using a combination of these methods. Unlike on our plane, you don't need to shift your consciousness again, as that has already occurred. While you don't necessarily need anything physical to do this during hedge riding, having real animal remains or a mask on your person prior to hedge riding will greatly aid you in your work on the astral plane.

There are a couple of rituals that combine these three methods into one, including The Red Meadow's Lycanthropic Ritual, Denny Sargent's shapeshifting ritual (which is outlined more completely in his book Werewolf Magic), and Yasmine Galenorn's Mirror Spell for Shape-Shifting found in her book Totem Magic: Dance of the Shape-Shifter on pages 119-121.

When you are first starting out, start small, shapeshifting for very short periods of time. Experiment with a variety of methods, combing them into a ritual that works for you. However, as with all things magical, shapeshifting can be dangerous.

Shapeshifting Safety

As mentioned in the History of Shapeshifting, there are dangers to shifting into an animal form. This includes not being able to return to your body because you have forgotten you are human, forgetting which realm you belong to, journeying too far, being captured, injured, or killed while within the Otherworld or while riding a 'live' animal. There are many tales of witches traversing the world as an animal and being injured only for the same wound to appear on the witch's human form. These injuries often resulted in the death of the witch, so you should be mindful of these hazards while shapeshifting. So what can you do to protect yourself?

1. Set clear and firm boundaries and time limits for travel. Setting an alarm or using a musical cue can help pull you back from your trance.
   
   
2. Have a spotter that can help rouse you should you not come back when originally planned. This is especially important if you are just starting out. If you don't have someone that can spot you, send a really loud, obnoxious alarm to alert you when it's time to return.
   
   
3. Have a safe word or incantation that when spoken pulls your spirit back into your body. You can use Isobel Gowdie's charm, write your own, or pick a safe word/phrase important to you.
   
   
4. Use a red witch's thread tied around your finger or arm to anchor your spirit to your physical body. If you get lost, follow the thread back to your body.
   
   
5. Carry or wear protective charms that will prevent your spirit from being stolen or harmed while in the Otherworld. Your familiar or even household pet can also act as a protector of your body, sitting on or near you during shapeshifting to ensure nothing else tries to inhabit your body.
   
   
6. When you are finished shapeshifting, make sure you are completely grounded in your human body by grounding and centering and enjoying some food and drink.

You can find more useful tips in my post, Hedge Riding Safety Tips if you are using shapeshifting in the Otherworld. Many of the same tips are useful during shapeshifting.

Shapeshifting in witchcraft remains an enigmatic and alluring practice, intertwining myth, history, and contemporary spirituality. It offers a gateway to explore the depths of our own selves, connect with the primal forces of nature, and embark on transformative journeys of self-discovery. Whether through the exploration of archetypes, communion with animal spirits, or embracing the hidden aspects of our being, shapeshifting provides a mystical transformation that resonates with the essence of witchcraft. With a few precautions and plenty of practice, I hope you'll find shapeshifting to be a profoundly magical experience. Until next time!

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5 Deities to Aid in Hedge Riding and Astral Travel

Hedge riding is the act of purposely entering an altered state of consciousness and traveling to the Otherworld to seek wisdom, work with spirits, and perform magic. It's the defining characteristic of the hedge witch, and this form of astral travel has been performed across multiple cultures for centuries. For some, it can be difficult to cross the hedge, the boundary that separates our reality from the Otherworld. Invoking the aid of a deity may help lessen the burden of travel and open the doors to new opportunities, wisdom, and magical lessons. But who can you call on for aid? Below are five deities that can aid you in your travels to the Otherworld and beyond!

Freya & Odin

Yes, these are two deities, but they are both equal masters of seiðr, a form of Nordic shamanism used to divine the future, shape fate, and traverse the Otherworld, much like modern hedge riding and hedgecraft. Seiðr was historically a highly gendered practice so Odin acted as a model for men and Freya for women, although some texts suggest it was 'unmanly' for men to practice as it was considered 'woman's work.' Odin defied these gender norms by learning seiðr from his wife, Freya/Freyja, and engaging in the practice to learn the magic of the runes, divine the future, and engage in spirit communication. Both Freya and Odin can be called upon to aid in hedge riding, by men, women, and nonbinary folks alike. I suggest including a distaff in your work, the tool most often used in seiðr to connect with the World Tree.

Hekate

Hekate is the goddess of witches, magic, necromancy, and otherworldly travel. It was Hekate, along with Hermes, who led the search through the Underworld for Persephone, her torch lighting the way through the darkness. As such, she is deeply associated with traversing the Otherworld, safe travels, and crossroads, and is said to be easily found in liminal places, such as the hedge. Call upon Hekate to lend you her torchlight and guide you on your way through the Otherworld safely. 

Brigid

Brigid may seem like an odd choice, but understanding her history sheds light on her liminal nature. Brigid is traditionally associated with Imbolc, the time between winter and spring. Furthermore, she walked between worlds, both fairy and mortal, and later was the bridge between Celtic paganism and Christianity. Her liminal nature, and her willingness to cross between realms, make her an excellent guide and travel partner for those engaging in hedge riding. 

Áine

Áine's history is riddled with contradictory folklore, but one thing is for certain, she was assaulted by Ailill Aulom, King of Munster, and bit off his ear during the assault, rendering him unfit to be a king. As the goddess of sovereignty, Áine holds the ability the grant and remove someone's power to rule. However, it's her association with Midsummer and lakes that are of particular interest to the modern hedge witch. Midsummer is believed to be a liminal time for the fae who actively cross between realms during this time to celebrate the Sun. Lakes, like hedges, are also liminal places, acting as portals to the Otherworld. Áine is just one of many Lady of the Lakes found throughout the United Kingdom and was said to emerge each Midsummer to bask upon her favorite spot. Her power is particularly potent on and around Midsummer, and the modern hedge witch can call upon her services to guide them safely through watery portals.

Baba Yaga

Baba Yaga is among the most infamous witches found in Slavic folklore. According to legend, Baba Yaga engages in nightly flights in her mortar, using her pestle to guide her along her way. She shares many traits with Hekate, sometimes being viewed as a triple aspect, while other times being represented by the matronly crone. No matter how you view her, Baba Yaga often extends a helping hand to those who seek her out, although she is often harsh in her tone and words. Call upon her to guide your way through the darkness and into the Otherworld, meet spirits, and even make your way to the Witch's Sabbath. If you treat her with respect and offer her a spot of alcohol or some tobacco, she'll be more apt to oblige. 

***

Of course, this list is not exhaustive by any means. There are multiple other deities that are associated with astral travel and the Otherworld, but remember to be culturally sensitive when choosing a deity to work with. Before invoking a deity for hedge riding, be sure you have developed a relationship with them first. If you wouldn't ask it of a friend, let alone a stranger, then don't ask it of a deity. Furthermore, just because you have built a relationship and asked for their aid, doesn't necessarily mean the deity will show up. They are not there to serve your every need and if you run into a non-responsive deity, try another time.

How you ultimately invoke one of these deities is completely up to you. Once you have an established relationship, you will know how to ask for their aid, thank them for their service, and what offerings they prefer. Go with your gut. I promise you'll know the way when the time comes.

Happy traveling!

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Sour Jar for Reproductive Freedom

If I am being completely honest, the last couple of weeks have been extremely difficult. I feel like every day the news gets worse and I am deeply concerned. I've spent a lot of time purposely distracting myself with work, exercise, and video games while I attempt to process. I am angry, hurt, and, honestly, scared. The most recent news includes the leak of the draft to overturn Roe vs Wade by the Supreme Court. No matter your views on abortion, overturning Roe vs Wade will have cataclysmic consequences in the United States, of which includes the loss of our right to privacy. I strongly support our right to choose what is best for ourselves without government interference. I am also a firm believer in the use of baneful magic to fight social injustices and as such thought this was the perfect time to pull out the big guns, magically speaking.

Since the full moon eclipse, whose chaotic energies are still going strong, I have been putting together a series of four sour jars for reproductive freedom, one for each of the Supreme Court justices who signed the draft to overturn Roe vs Wade after lying to the public in order to be confirmed. This spell is best performed during the waning or dark moon and requires constant attention until the draft goes public...if it ever makes it that far. My hope is this spell, along with others and public outcry, will help stop it dead in its tracks.

Please note that I do not believe in the Rule of Three nor am I a love and light witch. Decolonizing witchcraft includes understanding the value of baneful magic as a tool against oppression. If baneful magic is not something you are into, simply move along and find other ways to fight for reproductive freedom.

What You'll Need

• Paper
• Pen
• Knife
• Lemon
• Cayenne Pepper, Red Chili Flakes, or Chili Powder
• Poppy Seeds
• Five Whole Cloves
• Twine or Black Yarn
• Jar with Lid
• Vinegar
• Three Nails or Pins
• Spanish Moss (optional)
• Wasp or Wasp Nest (optional)
• Onyx (optional)
• Black Sealing Wax, Black Yarn, or Twine
  
  

What to Do

Before you begin this spell, cleanse and consecrate your space using your preferred method. I also encourage you to set up general protections to ensure the spell does not inadvertently cause you undue harm.

Begin by writing the full name and birthday (if you have it) of the person you wish to bind and curse. I went with Clarence Thomas (June 23, 1948), Neil Gorsuch (August 29, 1967), Brett Kavanaugh (February 12, 1965), and Amy Coney Barrett (January 28, 1972). If you are cursing more than one person, make a separate jar for each. 

Fold the paper several times, making sure to fold it away from you. Cut a slit on top of the lemon and place the folded paper into it. Cover with cayenne pepper, red chili flakes, or chili powder and poppy seeds. Poke nine cloves into the lemon and wrap the entire lemon closed with twine or black yarn five times. As you wrap the lemon say, "I bind you, [insert name], from taking action against reproductive freedom. May you be unable to decide and your discussions are fraught with discord. May your life be full of strife until this bill is dead." 

Place the lemon in the jar and cover it with vinegar. Add the three nails or pins, Spanish moss, wasp or wasp nest, and onyx to the vinegar and seal. If using wax, melt the wax and pour it over the lid. If using yarn or twine, warp the jar five times while repeating the same mantra as before. Shake the jar vigorously, filling it with your rage and discontent. Visualize the target being filled with confusion, strife, conflict, and the inability to take action against reproductive freedom. Place it in a dark spot, away from prying eyes. Shake daily, recharging the jar with your intent, until a verdict is reached.

After the initial construction of the jar is complete, perform a cleansing ritual to remove any residual negativity from yourself. I suggest showering after this particular spell and using an uplifting smelling soap, such as grapefruit or rose. Smoke-cleanse your work area with an uplifting and banishing incense such as rosemary.

When you are satisfied with the results of this spell, dispose of the sealed jar in the trash.

Why You Did It

Understanding the why's of a spell are just as important as performing it. It helps you understand the process so you can modify the spell or ritual to suit your needs and helps guide you to write your own. It's my intention that by providing these explanations, you can build a better understanding of how spells are written and executed so you can modify and build your own spells (the goal of my Spellcraft Series). 

For this spell, we used a number of sour and unpleasant ingredients to bring unpleasantness to our target's life. The first thing we did is write the name and birth date of our spell's target on a piece of paper. This acts as the "tag" for the spell. Just as a gift tag makes a present for you, a spell tag designates who the spell is intended for. This way you don't unintentionally harm someone else. By folding away from you, you are sending the energy out away from you. This acts is both protective and activating, directing the energy into the universe instead of toward you. Banishing and binding energies as sent away (folded out) while abundance and prosperity energies are drawn in (folded toward you).

The tag is placed in a lemon to sour the life of the recipient. Cayenne pepper, red chili flakes, or chili powder is used to heat up the spell, burn the recipient, and sew general discord and discomfort. Poppy seeds, on the other hand, sew discord between people, making it difficult to come to an agreement. Whole cloves, which look like pins, are used to prick and poke, making the recipient uncomfortable, as well as to tear down their walls, making them susceptible to the curse. This is all then wrapped five times with twine or black yarn to fully bind the person from causing further harm. Black is associated with banishment and binding, while the number five is associated with discord, struggle, and conflict.

The bound lemon is then placed in a jar to contain and stop the recipient's actions further. It's covered in vinegar to further sour their life, while the three pins or nails prick and poke, the wasp/wasp nest stings, Spanish moss sends bad luck, and the black onyx brings mental strife, nightmares, and breaks up relationships and bonds. All of this is sealed in black wax, black yarn, or twine to bind.

By storing the jar in a dark place, you are bringing darkness to the recipient's life, making it difficult for them to see clearly and make decisions. Shaking the jar empowers the spell and promotes turmoil by shaking up whatever plans the recipient had.

Finally, this spell is best performed on the waning or dark moon, which is associated with cursing and binding. However, this spell can be performed during any moon phase. If performing during the waxing or full moon, put more emphasis on bringing something into the person's life, in this case, discord and strife. The great thing about spells is that they can be performed successfully in any moon phase, you just have to get a little creative.

Wish to break this spell? Simply dismantle the spell jar, unbind the lemon, and remove the tag while saying, "This curse is broken. It shall no longer hold sway over [insert name]." Dispose of the remains in the trash.

Remember to record this ritual on your ritual/spell worksheet or in your Book of Shadows for reference later.

***

In all of my years of practicing witchcraft, I have only ever cast two curses. Know that I do not take such work lightly, and spend a considerable amount of time weighing my options before taking such actions. Again, I am not a love-and-light witch, nor do I believe in the Rule of Three. I do, however, believe strongly in justice and using the necessary means to fight systems of oppression. I am a Libra after all and I will not sit idly by as our rights are stripped away from us. I hope you won't either as this is so much larger than whether or not abortion should be legal. Stay safe out there.

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Rose & Chocolate Love Potion

Love spells, rituals, and potions are a hotly debated topic in the world of witchcraft. Some witches believe that all love spells, including the one in this post, are wrong as they work against someone's free will. I do not subscribe to that thinking. Instead, I believe love spells, rituals, and potions work on what already exists, but that doesn't necessarily make all love spells ethical. There are certainly situations where manipulating the odds in your favor may not be entirely ethical, but that is for you to decide.

This love spell is designed to ignite passions and promote lust, whether it be in you or your lover. If you are in a relationship, I highly encourage you to drink this sipping chocolate with your lover, with their consent of course. Double the recipe to make enough for two people and serve as a dessert or whenever you are ready to take things to the bedroom. Today being Lupercalia, a pastoral pagan festival celebrated February 15th in Ancient Rome designed to purify and prevent infertility, I can see no better time to partake in this potion. 

What You'll Need

• 1 cup milk of choice (I used creamy oat milk)
• 1 teaspoon rose petals
• 1/4 cup chopped dark chocolate or sipping chocolate (I used French Board Chocolate's Sipping Chocolate)
• 1/2 teaspoon cinnamon
• 1/4 teaspoon chili powder
  
  

What to Do

Combine milk and rose petals in a saucepan and heat until steaming but not boiling. Stir continuously to avoid scorching the milk and do not let it come to a boil. You may need to remove from heat and reheat several times. Allow the milk and rose to infuse for about 5 minutes. Strain and reheat the milk and rose infusion to steaming. Remove from heat and add chocolate, cinnamon, and chili powder. Whisk clockwise to draw love until well combined. As you stir, visualize your intention filling the love potion with pink and red light. Serve warm.

Why You Did It

Understanding the why's of a spell are just as important as performing it. It helps you understand the process so you can modify the spell or ritual to suit your needs and helps guide you to write your own. It's my intention that by providing these explanations, you can build a better understanding of how spells are written and executed so you can modify and build your own spells (the goal of my Spellcraft Series). 

For this spell, we combine milk, rose, chocolate, cinnamon, and chili powder to create a potent love potion. Milk is magically associated with fertility and abundance, as it provides nourishment for growing babies. I personally used oat milk in my potion, which is also associated with fertility and abundance. Roses are the quintessential flower of love and are used to encourage love and lust in this potion. Chocolate, cinnamon, and chili powder are all mild aphrodisiacs, thus promoting sexual energies and lust. Like roses, chocolate is also associated with love, while cinnamon and chili powder add some heat to the spell to spice things up and get your blood pumping.

Wish to break this spell? Unfortunately, this is not a spell to be undone. You have to let it work through your system.

Remember to record this ritual on your ritual/spell worksheet or in your Book of Shadows for reference later.

***

I hope everyone has a wonderful Lupercalia, whether you are celebrating alone or with others. May your future be full of love.

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